| Political news concerns broadcast of relevant parties' administrative program, political opinions and activities and claim of policies, including parties' daily activities and crucial events, government's dynamic of works, diplomatic affairs, political conference, legal construction, great political ceremonies, accidental political matters, political conflicts which reflect parties and the government's wishes, and so on. Some international political news and important social news are political news as well. Political news is mainly related with broadcast of government affairs and party affairs which just means broadcast of the party in power—party affairs of Chinese Communist Party and people's government.According to our country's administrative system, there are various media of every level to respective broadcast the political news from the central government to the local areas including provinces, cities, counties and villages. The political news broadcasted by these mass media is advised, directed and supervised by publicizing departments of the same level or the above level. The political news has been greatly concerned by directors, intellectuals and entrepreneurs of each level due to its crucial position. However, since it is mainly relative with conferences or directors' speeches and activities, it is easily to be neglected by ordinary people.Political news runs the first place among the news reports on the view of history. In the ancient time, the important news that issues on the "Official Bulletin" can be called the forefather of political news. Political reports on television has appeared naturally follow the invention of television. Political news places a monopolization position in the early period of television news report. The television-political news in China is getting mature with the development of the Chinese television career.Viewing the history, it can divide into three historical periods: initial period, stagnation period and developing period. Considering TV news in the initial period, it is mainly broadcasted in the way of oral news release, attached by photographing pictures and news documentary with commendatory. Both the form and the content are just similar as documentary films. Therefore, it is referred as the news documentary period of TV news. Since the Cultural Revolution happened in May, 1966, the function of politics publicizing took place of other functions and became the unitary function of TV broadcast pressed by political conflicts. Such situation ended until October, 1976. TV was completely used as a tool of political rights. There was only one kind of news, that is, the political news. Until the Gang of Four was eliminated as well as the Cultural Revolution was ended in October, 1976, Chinese TV broadcasting enterprise has emerged into a new period. Taking the example of CCTVNews, since July 1st, 1981, TV news programs has presented a new state. In the spring of 1983, the 11th National Broadcasting Conference was held in Beijing, on which the influential policy four-level operation was approved. Since TV stations of city and county level were permitted to make programs, a lot of TV stations had sprung up like bamboo shoots. TV enterprise had achieved dramatic development and became an important part which could not be neglected in social life due to block division of administrative zones and unbalanced development of various districts. Besides, it started to remain leading advantages during the competition of mass media. Excellent TV program makers and TV programs constantly appear. However, so many TV stations had come forth all around the country, which makes resources and talents dispersed. Thus, the TV mass media could not be powerful enough. Most city-level and county-level TV stations confronted a medium state, neither too strong nor too weak. As the beginning of transformation of TV political news in 1993, it was signed by the national TV news reform led by CCTV.In September, 1999, documents were issued by the state, requiring separated operation of network and station. Three stations including wired station, wireless station and broadcasting station are integrated. Country-level station was suspended and public channel began to be established. Until 2001, three-level broadcasting structure which refers that the entire nation can be covered by CCTV, certain districts can be covered by provincial stations, and cities, districts and counties can be covered by city-level stations has been come into being all around the country. In this way, the TV enterprise started a new time period. Since then, the original four-level operation was transferred into three-level operation. City stations became the basic TV broadcasting institutions, placed at the end of the TV system with pole-administration. The administrative relation among various levels made city stations restrained. There were so many worries in terms of reform, so that there was a difficult situation considering the existence and development of city stations.Political news is the most important part in TV news. It can reflect the position, image, strength and level of a station. It is extraordinarily important for city stations, which is considered as the foundation of a station. Political news is an important way for city stations to play the role of publicizing; it is an important way of city stations' harmonious cultural construction; besides, it can reflect the public's trust to the city stations. It has not only the basic social functions but also political and publicizing functions that other news agency could not compete.Broadcasting of political news by city stations has its unique characteristics. City stations possess abundant resources concerning local political news; they possess convenient condition to approach the civilians; political news could adjust the golden time period through news block; circled broadcasting makes the broadcasting way of city stations' political news simplified; local authority reflects powerful function of city stations' political news broadcasting. But there is a bottleneck in terms of the development of city stations' political news broadcasting. The extraction of news value, the level of broadcasting, the way of broadcasting, the inherent concept and abilities, as well as limited resources all restrict its development.Broadcasting of political news tends to reflect business and life. In consideration of the form, political news also starts to address the narration, details, interest and correctness of the news. The skills of narration are also addressed. The developing direction of the city stations' political news broadcasting is ultimately determined by the nature of our society. The political news can not be entertainment news, however, the fundamental features of our present developing environment and TV audience require renovation of TV political news broadcasting. Otherwise, it may be abandoned by the market as well as the audience, so as to lose its leading position.Consequently, considering the future development of political news broadcasting, firstly, its own position needs to be fully recognized: establishing the awareness of political great events, building the chief news, fully reflecting the authoritative value of political news, influencing the major audience, and renovating in serial operations like collection, edition and broadcast: 1. entered through a small point, broadcasted in various ways, political news, civil view, and audience focus; 2. changing the way of narration, and broadcasting the news like telling stories; 3. emotion should be given to the news, broadcasting the news in the view of civilians so that the advantage on interpersonal communication can be brought into public broadcasting; 4. TV means needs to be flexibly used, to create various levels of expression and catch the news related with conferences, constantly innovate the conference broadcasting, integrate resources of political news and explore deep broadcasting by means of combining pictures with voices. Advanced and new techniques and application of live broadcasting will improve the efficiency and visual effect. Additionally, pay attention to the plans and strategies, and make a comprehensive arrangement.To express the central competitiveness of political news positioned in city stations is just to give prominence to its authority and applicability. And such renovation and development has been influenced by various factors like our political system and media ecological environment. The situation is pressing. So TV program makers should make effort to coordinate the function of city stations between broadcast and connection so as to achieve mutual benefit. This is a great event for development of city stations and also a good thing for development of political news. |
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