The Comparative Analysis And Researching Of WSN Routing Protocols

With the rapid development of MEMS-based sensor technology,embedded computing systems,low-power wireless communications have enabled the development of relatively inexpensive and low-power wireless micro-sensors, Hundreds or thousands of these micro-sensors can form self-organized network —WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) which can play an important role in a variety of commercial and military applications, such as environmental monitoring, Industry monitoring and security systems.In this paper we have four sections, First we introduce the basic knowledge of WSN including its sensor node components, network structure, and protocol stack as well as its key technical challenges.In the second section , we focus on the WSN characteristic by comparing with the tradition Internet and Ad-hoc network, and we give the classification of the existing routing protocols for WSN. At the same time we had listed and made comparison of several kinds of existing protocols. After that, we abstracted the features and characteristics of routing protocols for WSN.In the third section, we analyze the common evaluating criterion for WSN routing protocol, and compare some routing mechanism using graph theory, we also give some explanation of some typical kinds of WSN routing in detail.In the forth section we do some implementation work, We evaluate the performance of Flooding, Directed Diffusion, EAR, and the GRAB routing protocols by OPNET modeler, and get the results which illustrate EAR that chooses route with probability in order to achieve the trade off between short-run performance and long-run performance makes network life longer by20 %than Directed Diffusion in specific simulation scenario, Directed Diffusion performs well in terms of rapid sensing data delivery. GRAB routing only shows some advantages in the channel-error or sensor node -destroyed situation.Finally, we give some conclusion for the applicability of different routing protocols and future work.