| Wireless sensor network is a new research area of modem communication network. It can be described as an autonomy system consisting of lots of sensor nodes designed to intercommunicate via wireless radio. Wireless sensor network which is utilized in a broad foreground is able to instantly monitor, collect and process various information of environment. Recent advances in sensor technology, micro-electromechanical systems, modem network technology and wireless communications have motivated the development of wireless sensor network. It has been able to be used in many areas such as military field, space exploration, radiation detection, early warning of flood, management of fields and so on.Data collection is the most basic applications of WSN, and it is also the basis of a variety of complex applications. Due to the energy, computing capability and bandwidth of single node are very limited, traditional wireless routing protocols are not suitable for WSN. So the primary objective of WSN routing protocol design is efficient use of node energy and extending the lifetime of the network. In the current study, clustering Algorithms is considered one of the most effective ways to solving the problem of efficient energy management, the network scalability and extending the lifetime of the network.This thesis introduces the background and significance firstly and then the architecture, primary characteristic, foreground of application and pivotal technology of wireless sensor network are presented briefly,the Evaluation Standard and classification of the routing protocols for WSN are discussed in detail. And the thesis analyzes several existing typical WSN routing protocols. PEGASIS protocol is elected to be the research target.Then the thesis focus on the basis of PEGASIS and the G-PEGASIS protocol is put forward and expounded. In the G-PEGASIS, the entire network area is divided into several areas with the same width. The realization of the process of this algorithm is:First of all, find out the proximate node from sink in every area, then using greedy algorithm to establish the main chain, and some branch in every area gradually established and connected to the main chain, so a forward chain-tree is constructed. Then the nodes on the chain-tree communicate to sink as the root node by turns, data was transmitted and aggregated to the sink along the chain-tree at last.Finally, the G-PEGASIS protocol is simulated by NS2 Platform. The simulation results of lifetime and average Delay were obtained under the different scenes and parameters. Simulation results shows that the algorithm of G-PEGASIS could prolong the lifetime of WSN and balance the energy consumption of WSN about 12% than PEGASIS protocol did. The fact demonstrates that the G-PEGASIS algorithm to improve the performance of PEGASIS is effective. Overall, the research of G-PEGASIS routing protocol has a certain reference value in extending the lifetime and energy balance of WSN.This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60970064), National Key Basic Research Program of China (No.2011CB302601), Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment(Grant No.SKLSDE-2011KF-01), New Century Excellent Talents, China(No.NCET-08-0806), Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation, China (Grant No.121067), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2010-Ⅱ-003) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) under Grand No.2009AA043303. |
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