Research And Improvement Of Routing Protocols Based On Data Gathering In Wireless Sensor Network

With the introduction of low-cost processor, memory, and radio technologies, it becomes possible to build inexpensive wireless micro-sensor nodes for all kinds of application scenarios. The wireless sensor networks represent a new paradigm for extracting data from the environment and enable the reliable monitoring of a variety of environments for applications that include military surveillance, environments protection, production, medicine/chemical/biological engineering and intelligent world.Lots of research has been done in china and aboard, one of research directions is the design of node device with small scale using micro systems, and the other is the research on protocol stack. Based on the OSI network model, the research direction focus on network layer and data link layer. Unlike Mobile Ad-hoc networks and traditional networks, wireless sensor networks are not the simple combination of Mobile Ad-hoc networks and Internet. Therefore, most routing protocols proposed for Mobile Ad Hoc networks are not suitable for wireless sensor networks, or cannot be used in wireless sensor networks without any modification. Thus, alternative approaches including routing protocols and data link protocols need to be explored.Wireless sensor networks consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of energy source is not feasible. Hence, energy efficiency and how to choose the best routing protocols are key design issues that need to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network.Considering the research hotspots above, this paper first introduces all the existing routing protocols and then analyzes the methods and their advantages in energy saving and network optimizing. Then, this paper illustrates that wireless sensor network routing protocols are based on applications and proposes another classifying scheme, based on that there are two kinds of routing protocols, hop-by-hop routing protocols and data gathering routing protocols. I also compare them in this paper. Besides, this paper analyzes the basic principle and system simulation design on LEACH, TEEN and PEGASIS (LEACH is the hierarchical routing protocol based on adaptive clustering, TEEN is targeted at reactive networks and is the first protocol developed for reactive networks, PEGASIS is the near optimal in terms of energy cost for data gathering application with chain forming scheme). In order to solve the problem exists in the condition of...