Session Structure Analysis

Appeared in the United States in the1960s and the rise of conversation analysis based on sociological school, pay attention to study practical session activities in real life, based on the empirical research method, through the tape/like corpus, for the actual session device local transfer function, the turn end with the beginning of the session as the research content, for people’s everyday conversation activities provided valuable experience. The school does not have a relatively systematic theoretical framework, more cramped by the original linguistic theories, are not advocated by immature theory explain the session into regular phenomenon. Therefore, conversational analysis school of thought focuses on examining natural circumstances appeared repeatedly in the data collected a large number of corpora into a regular pattern.I will investigate commercial circle in the center of the xi’an site (centered around the drum tower) of several large clothing store, recording session between salesman and customer as dibon, written materials are formed by the transcription, session structure of the research on both the buyer and the seller. Thesis contains five chapters, respectively to study the clothing store customer and salesman session wheel form, transformation rules, answer structure, session before stage and the beginning of the session, the end. In general, the overall structure of the session under the specific communicative purposes and local structure has carried on the induction of sex.Chapter2is the turn of language form. Paper first briefly introduces the definition of word wheel, wheel think talk is within a certain period of time to get a voice said, after ending marked with silence and role reversal, have the effect of the essential functions. In the composition of the next round of dialogue language unit is classified and discussed mainly include:(1) clauses constitute a wheel. Give priority to call and non subject-predicate sentence. Results (2) a wheel. Use the "relational lexical" and "legal".(3) other group of a wheel. Often used with sentences and sentence. In addition, this article also discussed the phenomenon of the words round, divided into talking at the same time causes of overlapping speech form and forced to interrupt the speaker speech fragments. Are mainly distributed in the non turn initiative to give a speech, they does not have any effect in the session, and there is no role reversal.Chapter3is the round transformation. First proposed Sacks et wheel transfer rules, according to the collected data on the correction, transfer paper mentioned in turn may not appear in the selected after the next person to speak first transformation related position. Secondly, this paper puts forward that turn signal conversion, the transition rules of use is actually turn signal exchange process. Mainly include:(1) give up words wheel signal expression:watch, salutation, context, and sharing knowledge, the first part of the question-and-answer, additional questions and so on.(2) for the expression of turn signals:normal request, forcibly interrupted, help the speaker to finish words, praise, complement semantics, local advice.(3) keep the turn signal expression:avoid the customer perspective, the use of address forms properly, moderate speed to avoid a long speech pause. Finally, the thesis also dialogue wheel project handover overlap and the special phenomenon feedback is presented. Overlap are mainly distributed in speak, break in the session at the same time, feedback the project distribution at the end of the turn, transform correlation position after, before the end of the words on a wheel, overlap and on time and on a turn at the beginning of a new turn, followed by the words of the sender and other three cases.Chapter4is the answer. From the answer in the form of structure and answer characteristics are analyzed. Answer form the main structure is divided into two categories:one kind is adjacent to the type, one kind is embedded. Among them, the adjacent type is divided into adjacent to the double division type and adjacent to a number of type. Adjacent to the double division type refers to the originating language and by the adjacent should answer answer form of two parts, adjacent to a number of type is by belong to different words of two or more adjacent statement wheel. Embedded answer is originating and should answer not adjacent structure, are embedded in the intermediate answer structure, such as adjacent to the double division type, embedded. Answer characteristics mainly include:(1) adjacent to the double division type is the basic unit of the salesperson and the customer conversation.(2) the statements have the function of the inquiry. Such as salesman stating commodity fact, actually has the function of the customer’s opinion and hope customers confirm for what he said. Ii.(3) the structure of the answer should be flexibly and unpleasant. Among them, the best should answer is unmarked, unpleasant should answer is marked. Shop assistant and customer should answer it will try to make it become the best and acceptable. Ii.(4) should provide different amount of information. The typical of which is a shop assistant should answer "glut" information. Ii.(5) should be different form. Salesman should answer often repeat some of the customers turn, show the grave formal sense.(6) answer the initiative is not static. Different stages of the session, the customer and salesman say different.Chapter5is a session before stage. This part mainly introduces the session the desire of the former salesman active relations with customers, there are mainly verbal and non-verbal, nonverbal type words usually associated with type joint, the main characteristic of the stage performance session is:(1) the speech appropriate amount of information, easy to accept customers.(2) the salesman is a one-way communication, generally do not get your answers to the customer, also have no positive response to customer expected psychological set, but the two sides have reached a consensus on this form in the psychological. Stage (3) the purpose clearly, in order to establish the next session, to facilitate trade reached as the ultimate goal.Chapter6is the beginning and end of the session. The beginning of the session will play a key role in the whole session. Salesman initiate sessions beginning types:(1) to introduce type (2) ask type (3) chat type (4) integrated type. Customer initiated at the beginning of the session types are:ask and chatting. In general, the session at the beginning of character is:the salesman with initiative; More use of address; Use polite phrases such as "please"; A single session type. At the end of the session is still cannot small gaze. Successful trading session at the end of some relatively complex, end a session limit mark, and say goodbye to the sequences at the end of the negotiation.