An Analysis Of The School Education And Its Function Expanded In Ming Dynasty

The first emperor of Ming dynasty,Zhu Yuanzhang,attached importance of education,before the kingdom established,in yuan'zheng 25(1365),he reorganized the Ji Qing Way Confucian School into Imperial Academy,created the central highest educational institution;After the emperor established,he set up the "Prefecture School, Subprefecture School,and county school" as the local school system;Moreover,Palace school,Town school,even other sects of Confucian School were built;all these formed a integrality school system from the central to the local of Ming dynasty.For the aim of long period of stability and the Dynasty-Permanence,the rulers of earlier Ming dynasty took the education as a basic national policy into its state-building strategy.The aim of the school was located as "Foster Talent" and "Civilized People". After the Mid-Ming,because of the corruption and rigidification of the feudal regime were increased,the drawbacks of the Imperial Examination System were appeared.The examinee no longer devoted themselves in studying,because they viewed the official school as a place to get the qualification of the Imperial Examination;the official school declined and became the vassal of the Imperial Examination,the function of school were switched,and the official school was in name only.Since the end of Ming Dynasty to the early years of Qing Dynasty,a group of education ideologist such as Huang Zongxi,Gu Yanwu and Wang fuzhi,fustigated the feudal and autocratic political system,criticized the rotten Imperial Examination System and the vacuous academic atmosphere,and in the same time,they put forward a number of education reform advocates to expand the functions of school education.They argued, besides to "Cultivate Talent",the school also should undertake the responsibilities of participate in politics and condemn the problems.To profound realized the decay of the Neo-Confucianism,especially the harm of the vacuous academic atmosphere to the society,they all emphasized the definition of study is to "administration and pragmatism",opposed the phrasemongering of fortune, supported the pragmatism to contribute for the nation;To against the abuses of prevailing social customs,Huang Zongxi proposed the proposition of social education, he pointed out that schools have the functions to ameliorate the social custom.;Huang Zongxi and Gu Yanwu exposed kinds of hazards of the Imperial Examination System, at the same time,they put forward the proposals for reform of the talent selection.All the new ideas about the function of school education they have offered,played an important role to enlighten the society,and the emergence of this idea is of epoch-making significance in the school education history of China.