The Study On Landscape Fragmentation Of The Southern Suburb Of Jinan

The southern suburb is a natural ecological barrier of Jinan, It plays an important role in providing ground water and keeping the normal metabolism of the atmospheric environment. In this paper, based on the principle and research methods of the landscape ecology and studing the geography and the status of socio-economic of southern suburb of Jinan, using the RS and GIS, the status and the process of change of landscape fragmentation has been analyzed and the optimization measures of landscape has been given which are specific for this area.The main contents are as follows:1.Build spatial database of the study areaUsing RS and GIS technology,the remote sensing images in 1987,1995,2004 have been obtained,the landscape elements have been extracted and the spatial database of the landscape have been established.And the landscape maps of three times in the study area have been generated.2.Analysis of the landscape fragmentation in the study areaEach landscape index has been calculated by using FRAGSTATS which is a software of landscape analysis and the spatial analysis of the Arcview 3.3.The landscape fragmentation in 2004 has been analyzed from the points of the patch level and the level of landscape spatial structure. The main contents are as follows:(1) From the point of patch level, the arable land is the the largest one, which is the matrix of the study area.The landscape shape fragmentation index and the area-weighted fractal dimension index of arable land are all the highest,which means the shape of arable land is a littel complex. The number of patches of arable land are not much that shows that the split level of arable land is not serious. In addition to arable land, the shapes of the patch of urban village and industrial land, waters and barren lands are also more complex;the average patch size of arable land and forest land are the largest ones,and also the patch area standard deviations of arable land and forest land. the patch size standard deviations of urban village and industrial land is also very large.It means that the difference of size within the three type landscapes is greatly varies. It's mean that as the rapid development of small cities and towns of the study area,the blind and disorderly exploitation of lands is serious,and the large patches of arable land have been cut and occupied, a large number of forest land have been converted into non-forest land,all which lead to the change both in number and area of patches in the arable land, urban village and industrial land and forest land,and lead to a greater degree of difference in area.Other forest land has the least landscape shape fragmentation index and the least area weighted fractal dimension,which means that the patch shape of other forest is the simplest.(2) From the point of the level of landscape spatial structure,it is arable land who has the the highest percentage of like adjacencies and the highest aggregation index,which means that the agglomeration of arable land is the best and that the spatial continuity of arable land is better. Which have much to do with that the study area is agricultural area,and the arable land is the matrix of the whole study area,and the distribution of the arable land is into film.Forest land and urban village and industrial land have a better spatial continuity too. Similarly, these two types of landscape are influenced more strongly by human, and more concentrated, and therefore they both have higher percentage of like adjacencies and the highest aggregation index .It is waters who has the the lowest percentage of like adjacencies and the lowest aggregation index,which means that the agglomeration of waters is more bad,the mosaic distribution of the waters's patch and the other landscape is serious,and it has a higher degree of landscape fragmentation.(3) The contagion index of the overall landscape is 36.03.It means that the agglomeration of the overall landscape is not fine. The adjacency during the diffirent landscapes is mixed,and the overall landscape is compared of some smaller patches who belong to diffirent landscape and is intertwined.And the degree of landscape fragmentation serious.3.The analysis of the principal component analysis of landscape fragmentation in study areaAfter the principal component analysis,the original nine landscape index have been grouped into three types. The first principal component which on behalf of the feature of landscape fragmentation in class level has the greatest impact to the landscape fragmentation;and the second impact comes from the second principao component which on behalf of the feature of spatial distribution has the impact of the second;and the contribution of the third principal component to the index of landscape fragmentation is the minimum. The third principal component include patch density and landscape shape index.According to the scores of all principal components and the contribution of the corresponding principal component, the composite score of the three principal components can be drawn. To a certain extent,the composite score of the three principal components can explain the landscape fragmentation of various landscapes.4. The analysis of dynamic change of landscape fragmentation in study areaAccording to comparative analysis of the diffirent landscape metrics in 1987,1995,2004, the following conclusions have been reached:(1)Generally speaking, 1987～2004,the number of patches of all landscapes had been increased, and the increase was relatively large, which means the degree of differentiation had increased and the degree of landscape fragmentation had increased too.(2) From 1987 to 2004,the urban village and industrial land, shrub and grass patches are stable,either in the shape or the spatial combination,and the trend in landscape fragmentation is not obvious.The landscape fragmentation of arable land,shrub forest,open forest land and other wooded land is mainly for the fragmentation of the spatial pattern.The degree of fragmentation of waters is more apparent,and the degree of fragmentation of the spatial combination is not obvious.(3) It is barren lands whoes various landscape metrics change in the most obvious allover the landscapes. 1987～2004,the total areas of barren lands had increased a lot,and the shape of patch had complicated year by year,and the agglomeration had decreased obviously and all so the continuity of the spatial distribution.The degrees of fragmentation of the patch level and the level of landscape spatial structure had both Intensified obviously. It is barren lands whoes landscape fragmentation is the the most obvious in all landscapes.