Study On The Spatial Pattern Change And Driving Factors Of The Southern Coast Of Yingkou

The coastal zone is the transition zone between the ocean and the land,Along with the social and economic development of the coastal region,the exploitation and utilization of the coastal zone is more and more intense.Large areas of coastal areas are used for salt,aquaculture,tourism and sightseeing,The beach resources have also become an important base for aquaculture and development of agricultural production in the coastal zone,and a valuable asset for the development of the ocean and the development of the marine industry.However,the unreasonable development and utilization of coastal zones will not only cause coastal environmental pollution and ecological deterioration,but also destroy a large number of natural resources to varying degrees.In the 70s of last century,a large amount of salt industry was developed in southern Yingkou under the tide of salt heat in the whole country;At the end of the last century,a large number of aquaculture ponds appeared,showing the landscape characteristics of the salt fields-the aquaculture ponds;Since the new century,with the LiaoNing coastal economic zone development strategy planning with the implementation of a large number of inefficient space construction is become salt pan filling of Yingkou coastal industrial base,city scale expansion,thus forming a salt pond—composite landscape of industrial towns.In recent decades,the coastal spatial pattern of Yingkou has undergone tremendous changes.Therefore,it is imperative to study its development trend and driving factors.Taking the coastal area of southern Yingkou as the research area,combined with GIS spatial analysis,landscape pattern index analysis,coastal zone human disturbance degree analysis and geostatistics analysis method,the coastal spatial pattern changes in southern Yingkou are studied.The index change of landscape pattern,the change of coastline information and the change of land use type as the index of the change of the spatial pattern of the coastal zone,The coastline information of 1990-2015 years and five periods is extracted,and the five period landscape pattern index is calculated in fragstats.The index of hemeroby intensity is established,and the dynamic response relationship between coastline and landscape pattern change to hemeroby degree is quantitatively analyzed.The Markoff area transfer matrix is applied to calculate the change and direction of land use in different periods of the area.Combined with geostatistical analysis,the driving factors that affect the land use change in the region are explored.The results show that:(1)From 1990 to 2015,the coastline morphology of the southern coast of Yingkou has changed dramatically.The coastline length has increased year by year.The growth rate is 0.52%in the 1990-2000 year,2000-2005 in 0.53%,2005-2010 in 4.98%,0.96%in 2010-2015.The shoreline length and fractal dimension tend to change synchronously,and change most sharply from 2005 to 2010,and the change from 1990 to 2000 is the smallest.(2)The change of landscape pattern index showed that during the period from 1990 to 2005 the overall landscape boundary,shape complexity and fragmentation degree increased,while the 2005 to 2015 period,the landscape boundary shape complexity and fragmentation tends to decrease,suggesting that the landscape shape tended to be simplified,land use tends to be balanced.(3)As a whole,the interference intensity index in the north of the study area increases with the promotion of urbanization;Before 2005,the interference intensity index changed little in the eastern area.After 2005,most of the low efficiency Salinas in the eastern region changed to wetlands,grassland and reclamation cofferdam ponds,resulting in the decrease of disturbance index.With the change of time,the area of the relatively weak region and the area of relatively stronger region have increased,and the growth rate is faster after 2005.(4)Human activities have a great impact on the landscape pattern changes in the southern coast of Yingkou.It is mainly manifested in the landscape shape,the complexity of landscape boundary,the degree of landscape fragmentation and the variety of landscape.From 1990 to 2005,human activities gradually increased,the landscape boundary,shape complexity and fragmentation degree increased,and in 2005 after the human activity intensity decreased,landscape shape,boundary complexity and fragmentation becomes small,landscape is becoming more and more rules.The landscape diversity index and Shannon change the intensity of human disturbance had a negative correlation in the evaluation of the selected unit can be seen when the human disturbance area,the greater the interference is stronger,Shannon diversity index,one of the driving factors so that changes in the intensity of human disturbance also affect the landscape pattern change.(5)According to the area transfer matrix of 1990-2000 years,2000-2005 years,2005-2010 years and 2010-2015 years,the area of salt land change is the most dramatic and decreasing trend in the study area.The largest land use intensity in 1990-2015 years was in 2000 and 2005,and the lowest was 2015.The intensity of land use changes after 2005 is more intense,showing a downward trend.In 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,11 variables in the humanities and social and economic data of Yingkou old border area were selected as driving factors,which were correlated with the salt land area in 4 periods.Then,the main driving factors of the change of land use in the study area are mainly economic,industrial structure and population characteristics by principal component analysis.