Study On Landscape Change And Eco-hydrological Effects In Sanchuan Basin Of Southern Mountain Region In JiNan

Jinan is famous for"spring city",and the 72 famous springs represented mainly by "four major springs "form the old-line spring culture. The southern mountain region supplements groundwater to the springs of Jinan City, and its unique geological structure offers predominant natural conditions for forming springs and the circulation of the groundwater of Jinan City. The region plays an irreplaceable role in supplementing land groundwater to the springs and improving the environmental quality of the whole city and protecting the security of drinking-water in the urban. But because of the no-coordination of urban landscape element and bad landscape pattern. It greatly aggravates the function of the urban landscape. The research of landscape change and eco-hydrological effect has the significant theory and the practice meaning. In this paper, based on the principle of the landscape ecology, using the Remote sense, GIS and FRAGSTATS a landscape structure analysis program, taking sanchuan basin of Jinan as an example, the author studied the effect to eco-hydrological caused by the change of landscape pattern, and proposed the corresponding suggestion to protect and restore the ecological function of this area. The conclusions are as follows:(1) In allusion to the concrete conditions of Sanchuan basin, the study picked up landscape elements and based the spatial data-base of Sanchuan basin, then maked the ecological landscape type maps in three different dates under the GIS software.(2) According to the three ecological landscape maps in 1995,2000 and 2004, accounted the landscape index and analyzed the structure character of the landscape and orderliness of them, by using the spatial analyzing function of Arcview 3.3 and Fragstats. Obtained the following results:In addition to the barren in succession, the natural landscape types in Sanchuan basin were seriously fragmental, mainly existed in small patch size and low connectedness. Although the forestland spread all over Sanchuan basin, it spread as the small patches with grassland, brush land and so on. At the same time, because of the artificial obstruction the shape of the landscape patches regular. This kind of condition is disadvantageous to maintain the stability of whole landscape construction and displaying of the ecological effects. And the spatial distributions of these landscape elements are affected by the altitude, aspect and slope more or less.The change characteristic of landscape elements were farmland and sparse-woods continually decreased, garden plot and water area continually increased, other landscape elements like forestland, grassland, brush land etc. fluctuated slightly. The main reason of landscape change in this area is the intervention of the government and ecological consciousness of the human.(3) Under the support of GIS, analyze three years eco-hydrological effects in Sanchuan basin caused by different landscapes structure, main conclusion as follows:Difference of crown interception, forest flooring thickness, the soil water holding capacity and the soil enter infiltrating rate etc. caused the difference of water transfer mode so as to produce different hydrology adjusting function, and make them have different eco-hydrological process. The hydrology adjusting function in 1995 is stronger than this in 2004. The findings indicated that, the area proportion of forestland play an important part in eco-hydrological effect. However, with the same forest total area, the big forest landscape patch has stronger eco-hydrology effects than those of smaller forest landscape patches. Therefore, when planting trees in the arid zone, it is better to envelop in a large scope than split into some small patches.(4) Since irrational landscape pattern is the main factor of reduction of eco- hydrological effect. In order to sustain eco-hydrology effects, protect and restore its ecology function, right measures aiming at territorial characteristics should be taken. Under the precondition of enhancing vegetation coverage, the main measure is optimizing landscape pattern and improving connectivity between natural landscapes. Then the eco-hydrological effect will increase gradually.