The Research Of Coastal Ecosystem Degradation Diagnostic System

Coastal zone is the most active natural areas and most favorable resources and environmental conditions region,which is most closely related with human survival and development and is with the independent environmental systems characterized by the transition of the land and sea.Coastal zone is the most densely populated areas in China.In the initial stage of economic development,people did not attach importance to the coastal zone conservation and eco-management,so the present coastal zone ecosystem varies degrees of degradation,such as red tide,he gradual disappearance of the coral reefs and mangroves,a sharp decline of biological diversity, ecological decline,frequent catastrophic events.This degradation has a huge negative impact on people's life and has become the bottleneck of the socio-economic development.Dongtan is located at the eastern end of Chongming Island in Shanghai, which belongs to subtropical monsoon climate,so it has abundant rainfall,mild and humid,with four distinct seasons.Chongming Dongtan wetland plant is composed by mariqueter grass scirpus community,reed communities and Spartina alterniflora communities.The resource of bird is rich,there are records of up to 136 kinds of water birds.The number of benthic macrobenthos is 45,belonging to 5 classes.In this paper,based on the ecological carrying capacity and the D-PSR-C model,we designed a system of the indicators of ecosystem indicators for Chongming Dongtan,which is divided into the target system to the health index as a target layer, using to evaluate the Chongming Dongtan wetland ecosystem health and its spatial structure;the first layer 2 level for the project,including the driving force of eco-environmental system(D),pressure(P),state(S),response(R) and control force (C) 5 projects;No.3 levels of the indicator layer,including the indicators can be directly measured.Among them,the driving force for socio-economic conditions and management on behalf of institutional and other factors,support the survival of life measure;wetland ecosystem includes pressure on the natural human nature,the internal pressure and the pressure between the species(that is,caused by invasive alien species in ecosystem pressure),use of heavy metal contamination(U2) indexes and Spartina alterniflora that the cover;wetland ecosystem in the state of the main indicators of the ecological system from the ecological conditions,its composition, structure and function to make a diagnostic description,contains the main vegetation cover and landscape diversity index;wetland ecosystem with the means to respond to ecosystem degradation,the response of the system itself,including the number of rare species and wetlands of the economic output;control indicators,including the Government for the protection of and restoration of wetlands in fiscal expenditure, million share of GDP into environmental protection.After the establishment of index system of law,this paper process the data for 2003 and 2005,the original data were processed in the paper presented a number of key data processing steps,such as Kriging interpolation,to strike a vegetation cover,landscape diversity calculations.In this paper,the use of fuzzy clustering methods on the ecosystem classification evaluation of the data is divided into a class of ecological plaque,plaque ecologyâ…¡, three types of ecological patches,four types of ecological patches,five types of ecological patches.And 2003 compared with 2005,the various categories of plaque area,drawn in 2003 than in 2005 a class of ecological plaque area by 0.5%;â…¡ecological plaque area 0.7 percent increase,the reasons for the increase a class of many ecological plaque into a second-class ecological plaque;three ecological plaque area decreased by 0.2%;four ecological plaque area increased by 0.8%;five ecological plaque area decreased by 0.8%.In order to better show the Dongtan eco-system conditions,this paper designed a set of software based on ArcEngine.We explain the software overall design,function design,database design and describe the core of the program code.Finally,the use of cellular automata theory,stimulate the eco-system changes from 2003 to 2005 in the Chongming Dongtan,and the simulation accuracy is 80%.