Review On Philosophical And Scientific Standpoints Of Bacon's Novum Organum

Francis Bacon challenged Aristotle's logic, and he wrote Novum Organum in which Bacon put forward Baconian Induction that widened the new research method.Although many people have researched Bacon's Novum Organum, they paid attention to only a few standpoints, such as Baconian Induction, Theory of the Idols and the Empirical Epistemology. In fact, there are too many excellent points in this book that people haven't systematically investigated, especially Bacon's concrete scientific and technological researches. So, this thesis sorts out the materials of Bacon and Novum Organum by the way of historical and philosophical analysis. In all, the thesis obtains the following two objects:First of all, the points of view that people have discussed are excluded. Moreover, the thesis concentrates on adding Bacon's thoughts that people haven't emphasized, and corrects the mistakes that people have made concerning Novum Organum. At the same time, the thesis evaluates the viewpoints of Bacon and Novum Organum from historical and dialectic angles. Second, combining the contemporary scientific ideology, the thesis concludes that the viewpoints of Novum Organum are great inspirations to the Modern science.In all, this thesis reviews the philosophical and scientific viewpoints of Bacon's Novum Organum on the basis of analyzing the materials of Bacon and Novum Organum. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part, it is considered that Bacon challenged Aristotle's logic. Additionally, the thesis researched that Bacon' political and cultural backgrounds deeply influenced his new thoughts. In the second part, it is argued that the effect of Novum Organum on the philosophy and science is just as the function of beacon. The thesis in this part systematically introduces Bacon's basic and extensive thoughts excluding Baconian Induction, Theory of the Idols and the Empirical Epistemology that people have thoroughly researched; moreover, the mistakes which people have made are corrected and the limitations of the viewpoints of Novum Organum are also focused on. In the third part, Bacon's basic and extensive scientific and technological researches are discussed. Regarded to this, the thesis finds that people only paid attention to Bacon's view that heat is a motion which Bacon took lots of space in Novum Organum to summarized according to Baconian Induction. At the same time, the limitations in researches are also argued. In the last part, the philosophical and scientific standpoints of Bacon's Novum Organum are evaluated. And, it is concluded that Bacon succeeds and criticized predecessors. Moreover, his thoughts influenced the modes of thinking of later generations.