Studies On Plant Diversity In Significant Senic Spots Of Beijing

Tourism is one of the primary causes for the declining of biodiversity in Senic spots, but the rare resourse in Senic spots should be protected, and their ecological environment is very sensitive to tourism activities; vegetation landscapes are not only important senic resources, but also levers of harmonizing their ecological balance; therefore it is urgent to pay extra attention to the biodiversity conservation in Senic Spots.In order to provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration, landscape restoration and conservation of biodiversity in Senic spots of Beijing, and to analyze the influence of tourism on the vegetation in scenic spots, the plant biodiversity in Shisanling Badalin, Mutianyu, and Simatai were investigated. Based on a comprehensive survey for the Senic Spots vegetations in Beijing, there are 226 representative sample spots were investigated, the community structures, types of community and the composition and distribution of species in Senic Spots plant communities were studied. Based on the field investigation and data analysis, the main conclusions as following:(1) There are 626 species has been found in Mutianyu, 437 species in Simatai, 459 species in Badaling and 620 species in Shisanling; most of the species are herbage, and the always belong to the family of Compositae, Leguminosae, Gramineae, Rosaceae. All 15 areal-type of Chinese vascular plants have represent in this region, indicating the characters of floristic diversity and complexity., and the temperate distribution of genera is dominate. However, its endemism is very lowly.(2) The community of Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, Quercus mongolica, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and Ziziphus jujube var. spinosa always can be seen in Senic spots. There are also some rare communities of Larix principis-rupprechtii, Quercus variabilis, Juglans mandshurica, Tilia spp. Thanks to the varity of environment, the plant diversity in community of Pinustabulaeformis and Quercus mongolica are higher than other communities, but it is not distinctness in each samples spots.(3) The community succession is initial and instable in Senic spots, most of the association between species in communities shown negative, and it is not evidently, this show the competition within communities is not severity. There were many Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Syringa pekinensis, Acer mono, Carpinus turczaninowii, Tilia mandshurica, Tilia mongolica been found in the layer of succession. There are many little trees in the Vitex negundo var. heterophylla community, the will grow to forest. The Juglans mandshurica community already stable, in the community there are no negative assocate species.(4) The plant diversity in the communities shown that the diversity in herbage layer is higer than shrub layer and tree layer, the diversity of shrub layer is higher than tree layer. The diversity is correlate with the slope, slope position and aspect, but altitude is the main factor to influence the distribution of community, but the plant biodiversity in a community has insignificant relation with the altitude.(5) Due to construction, tourism and other human disturbances on the environment in Senic spots, cause to change of environments matrix and dscent of species diversity. The tourism also has had serious affection on some parts of scenic-spots on higher altitude, Meanwhile, human disturbance effect the plant components in Senic Spots, particularly herbage components, there are many species grow which always only grow when people there.(6) Based on the distribution of species in protected in Senic sptos, 25 small nature reserves were make out.The innovation of this thesis is studies on plant diversity and conservation in Senic spots of Beijing, and the object of this research is to provide theories and methods for the program on conservation and act of biodiversity in there.