The Quantitative Analysis And The Explanation Of The Development Of German Physics From 1800 To 1930

This thesis consists three sections:In section one, first and for most, the author intends to illuminate that the development of German physics was at a standstill for the whole 18th century by giving a profile on it before the year of 1800. Then the author depicts the three-stages for German physical achievements from 1800 to 1930, namely Ohm Time (1800-1840), Helmholtz Time (1840-1880) and Planck Time (1880-1930), in which the author focuses on the outline of the development of German physics to represent the dynamic feature of the development of German physics.In section two, the author applies the method of quantitative statistics to analyze the development of German physics from 1800 to 1930 from the two aspects of physical achievements and great physicists during that period based on the 'Dictionary of Scientific Biography' and 'Great Science Chronology' written by Mr. Zhao Hongzhou. In conclusion, the German physics stayed far more backward at the beginning of 19th century, then experienced a prosperous period starting from 1840s and was on the leading edge in the world for 70 years from 1860 to1930. In this section, the author draws the attention to the German Physical Periodicals that reflected the accomplishments of German physics and the famous Nobel Prize that is the most influencing prize in scientific world ever since 20th century to illustrate the trend of German physics more clearly.In section three, the author takes the further explanation on the development of German physic from the education, philosophy, mathematics and culture. And in the section, the author tries to answer the following questions: What is the demanding factor that led to the prosperous period and leading stage in the world of German physics? What we can learn from that? In education, the author explains that the educational innovation served as premise and security for the development of physics via in-depth analysis on the college education and educational system of physics in Germany ;ln philosophy, to avoid the superficial and rigid opinions that philosophy either guides or hinders physics, which is resulted from one-way analysis on the influence of physical knowledge by specific philosophical knowledge, based on the combination of physical achievements by philosophy and profound philosophical knowledge ,the author illustrates that the influence on German physics by philosophy reflects more on a kind of spirit and this very spirit brings the new quality into the German physics; In mathematics ,by means of analyzing integration of mathematics and physics at different stages, the author is tended to testify that the blooming mathematics in Germany is the indispensable condition for the prosperity of German physics because.2mathematics provides language tools for the development of physics ;ln culture, by way of analyzing the common features of German physicists and connecting the brilliant German culture, the author audaciously brings forward that the Wissenschaft ideas and Faust ideas is the important driving force for the prosperity of the development of German physics.