Studies On Diversity Of Orthopterans In Shandong Province

Shandong province is divided into three regions, namely the middle and southern region, the eastern region, and the western and northern region according to geomorphic types. The first one is a mountain and brent region, the second one is a brent region and the third one is an alluvial plain region. In this thesis, Jinan, Mount Tai, Mount Meng and Tancheng county were selected as the collection sites of the first region; Mount Lao, Mount Kunyu and Laiyang county were selected as the collection sites of the second region; The Yellow River delta was selected as the collection site of the third region. With sampling methods, Orthopterans were caught in different habitats such as woods land, brush-grass land, grassland, abandoned field, scarcely vegetated or bare land, riverside-shore land, farmland, orchard, vegetable field and courtyard by trap, hand, light, food and strike. The quantity of species and distribution of Orthopterans were investigated and recorded, and the species diversity was cataloged.Jinan was selected as the research center of orthopteran communities. Pane sampling was conducted in different habitats located in Qianfo hill, Wujiapu village, Xinglong village, Wohu hill, Jiangshui spring, Gaijiagou, Shimen, Huangtai, Laohudong, Zhonggong, Liantai hill, Luokou, Kelang hill el al.. From April,2001 to November,2001, the characteristics of habitats, the quantity of species and the population density of Orthopterans were recorded. Diversity index and evenness of orthopteran communities were calculated. Correlation between Orthopterans and ecological factors was analyzed. All habitats were classified into six habitat forms by SPSS 10.0 for Windows, a popular statistical program analysis software.The studies contain 106 species and subspecies of Orthopterans in Shandong province. These species belong to 8 superfamilies, 23 families and 64 genera, including 3 new species (Mongolotettix shaniungcnsis sp.nov., Crysacris laoshanensis sp.nov., Tetrix brachypterus sp.nov.) to science, 3 new records of genera (Metrioptera, Diestrammen, Crysacris) and 9 new records of species (Oecanthus ntfescens, Gampsocleis sinensis, Gampsocleis sedakovii, Metrioptera bonneti, Conocephalus gladiatus, Ruspolia dubia, Diestrammena unicolor, Tetrixrvsimulans, Tetrix subulatd) to Shandong distribution knowledge. As to the compositions of fauna, palaearctic realm species, oriental realm species and polytopic are nearly equal. There are only 6 endemic species (Borneogryllacris nigromarginata, Atlanticus uobustus, Oxya bicingula, Mongolotettix shantungensis sp.nov., Crysaeris laoshanensis sp.nov., Tetrix. brachypterus sp.nov.) in Shandong province, and most species belong to the eurychoric species which have great abilities to adapt to their environments. The phenomena of dominent families, dominent genera and habitat-patchs of orthopterans are very prominent in Shandong province. All habitats of orthopterans can be divided into six habitat forms. Grassland-abandoned field habitat form and riverside-shore-farming land habitat form are the typical generation pools of orthopterans. For the existence of the pools, orthopteran populations will grow rapidly and will enlarge their distribution areas to imperil agriculture when ecological factors suit for their development.Some other results in the thesis are as follows: Firstly, average ten-day period temperature 18.8-28.9 ℃ may be the optimal temperature amplitude and the minimum temperature 13.1 癈 may be a limiting factor for the normal development of most orthopterans. Secondly, some orthopteran species are important biological indicators for the changes of ecological environment and can be used as monitor criterions of environment. Thirdly, for the interferance of man's activities, some sensitive orthopteran species in Shandong province are in danger now, some measures must be taken immediately to protect the biodiversity.