Analysis On Species Diversity And Functional Diversity Of Typical Shrub Communities In Shandong Province

Plant community is an important part of the regional environment.Understanding plant community is the precondition for the protection,development and utilization of biological resources.Shrub community is an important part of vegetation resources in Shandong Province.A correct understanding of the species composition,species diversity and characteristics of functional traits of the community as well as the environmental factors affecting its distribution and change plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the regional biodiversity and ecosystem functions.In this paper,from the aspects of species diversity and functional diversity,field surveys and indoor determinations of typical shrub community plots in Shandong Province were carried out.A total of 59 shrub plots were recorded and five plant functional traits of 30 shrub species were measured.The species composition and functional traits of different shrub community types were described.We analyzed the differences in species diversity in different habitats,explored the main environmental factors affecting species distributionand the trends of species diversity along the environmental gradient.Sometimes we explored the correlation between functional traits and the key environmental factors that affect functional diversity.The main results are as follows:(1)The species diversity in Tamarix chinensis community is significantly lower than that in Broussonetia papyrifera community,Lespedeza bicolor community,Rhus typhina community and Vitex negundo var.heterophylla community.There is no significant difference in species diversity between Broussonetia papyrifera community,Lespedeza bicolor community,Rhus typhina community and Vitex negundo var.heterophylla community.However,the herbaceous species diversity of the Broussonetia papyrifera community is relatively low.(2)The herb species diversity increased with altitude but decreased with the increase of soil pH.The distribution pattern species diversity along the altitude gradient showed no obvious regularity.The species diversity of shrub layer decreased with the increase of soil pH,but it was not significant.High soil fertility and high precipitation lead to the increase of species diversity,and increased temperature can inhibit species diversity of herb layer.(3)Factors such as altitude,temperature,precipitation,soil organic carbon content,soil total nitrogen content,soil pH are the main factors affecting the distribution of shrub species.Aspect also has a certain impact on the distribution of community species.(4)Leaf area belongs to high variation trait.Plant height belongs to medium variation trait.Leaf thickness,specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content belong to low variation trait,among which leaf dry matter content is relatively stable trait of plants.(5)There was a general correlation between the five functional traits:leaf area was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness and plant height,and negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content.The specific leaf area was significantly negatively correlated with leaf thickness and leaf dry matter content.Leaf thickness was significantly negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content.(6)Both functional richness and functional divergence have a positive correlation with soil pH.The weighted traits based on leaf dry matter content have a significant negative correlation with soil total nitrogen.There was a significant positive correlation between the weighted traits based on plant height and soil pH.This study clarified the main environmental factors affecting species distribution and the variation of species diversity and functional diversity along the environmental gradient,which can provide a scientific basis for the protection of species diversity in Shandong Province.It also can provide theoretical guidance for the restoration of vegetation habitats,and then promote sustainable development of ecological environment and ecological civilization construction in Shandong Province.