Labor Mobility, Education And Human Capital Development In Modern Chin

This paper studies the development of China’s modern human capital from the perspective of labor mobility and education.The flow of human capital is manifested in the flow of labor.In the process of mobility,workers find better jobs and higher rewards,and increase their own human capital.After the Opium War,China’s traditional small-scale peasant economic structure was gradually broken.Enterprises in the city engaged in import and export trade,financial services and industrial production appeared.China’s transformation from an agricultural-based economic structure to a traditional economic sector and the modern economic sector.The coexisting dual economic structure.Compared with rural areas,urban industrial and commercial income is higher,and rural labor flows to cities.The second and third chapters study the flow of modern labor.The development of industry and commerce in modern cities has caused labor to flow from rural areas to cities,especially port cities.The rural labor force moved into the city is not homogeneous.In general,there are more men in the prime year,more literate laborers,and a large number of wealthy landlords have also moved into the cities.These labors move into cities and get higher incomes than agriculture,but they also cause shortages of funds and talents in rural areas.The labor force in the city also has high liquidity.There are many reasons,such as the problem of treatment,the problem of layoffs,and the choice of the workers themselves.At the same time as labor mobility,the labor market also has some factors that affect the free flow of labor,resulting in the division of the labor market.The reasons for the division of the labor market are mainly geographical distance,geography and kinship,and human capital(mainly education).The division caused by the former two makes it impossible for workers in different regions to obtain equal opportunities for work,and the development of human capital is uneven and inequitable.The division caused by the education level makes most rural laborers only engage in low-tech work,which is not conducive to the growth of human capital of the bottom workers.Education is the most important channel for the formation of human capital.Chapters 4 through 6 address our research and education-related issues.In the fourth chapter,we analyze the relationship between human capital and income in modern times.The difference in human capital is an important reason for the inequality of wages in modern times.In this chapter,we use the curriculum vitae file of the Shanghai Savings Commercial Bank in the Republic of China to analyze the impact of the education level of employees on the income level.After empirical analysis,we found that high school and college education have a significant positive effect on wages,and bank training also has a significant impact on wages.This shows that during the Republic of China,accepting higher levels of education can significantly raise wages,and corporate training can also increase employee salaries.This also shows that laborers with higher levels of human capital have higher incomes from rural to urban labor.In the fifth chapter,we discuss the promotion of modern enterprises to education.The promotion of education by modern enterprises is first reflected in the direct investment education of enterprises,including vocational training for workers,the establishment of school for children,the provision of social education,donation of funds,and so on.The research in the fourth chapter shows that the higher theeducation level of laborers,the higher the income,so the development of industry and commerce promotes the demand for education,which makes individuals and families have incentives to receive education,which is the indirect influence of enterprises.It is manifested in two aspects,one is to promote the development of social vocational education,and the other is to promote school education,especially the development of private schools.In this chapter,we compiled data on the newly established enterprises in the Republic of China.The number of primary school students in the Republic of China,the students’ data of the four universities of Peking University,Tsinghua University,Jiaotong University,and Jinling University were empirically analyzed using measurement methods.It was found that the establishment of modern enterprises significantly promoted the enrollment of primary school students,and it also had a significant positive effect on the number of local college students.This chapter also shows that Chapters 2 and 3 study the labor mobility is meaningful,laborers move into the city,get more opportunities for education and opportunities to achieve their own human capital growth.Chapter 6 we study the uneven development of modern education and human capital.Since the reform of the new school system in the late Qing Dynasty,government education has been insufficiently invested,resulting in fewer public schools,especially those above the middle school.From Chapter 5,we know that the development of modern industry and commerce has promoted the demand for education.Therefore,there are a large number of private schools in the more developed cities,especially those in the middle and above.This makes the distribution of educational resources above the middle level unbalanced.The unbalanced development of educational resources has led to changes in the geographical distribution of modern elites.Here we have compiled the classmates of Peking University,Tsinghua University,Jiaotong University and Jinling University during the Republic of China,comparing the geographical distribution of scholars in the late Qing Dynasty and the students of the Republic of China.By comparison,we find that the proportion of elites in coastal provinces has increased significantly in the country,and the number of inland provinces has generally decreased.The distribution of elites within the provinces has also generally changed,with most provinces being more balanced.In general,the relative proportion of elites in cities with more developed economies has generally increased.This paper takes human capital as the main research object in the Republic of China.On the basis of collecting relevant materials,it also uses quantitative and qualitative methods to study labor mobility,labor market segmentation,human capital and wages,and business-to-education.Issues such as promotion and uneven development of education.In view of the fact that China still has a dual urban-rural economic structure,understanding the development of human capital during the Republic of China is very helpful for us to understand the current development trend of human capital and the measures that should be taken.