Research On The Cooperation Mode Between Higher Vocational Colleges And "Belt And Road" Enterprises

The Belt and Road Initiative is an important strategic plan for building a community with a shared future for mankind.It aims to energize growth at home,open up space abroad and promote the common development of mankind.Higher vocational colleges are an important force in economic and social construction.Since the "Belt and Road" Initiative was put forward in 2013,China’s higher vocational colleges and enterprises have been working together to "go global" from individual pilot to universal practice,and achieved good results.However,the school-enterprise cooperation of higher vocational colleges in the "Belt and Road" Initiative is different from the traditional mode in China,but it is a complex complex complex of school-enterprise-government-action "four spirals",which are mutually coordinated,and many factors are set together across borders,cultures and fields.With the development and change of the international economic and industrial structure,as well as the reform of China’s higher vocational education,the cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises is facing new changes and challenges.Therefore,in the building "to the domestic large cycle as the main body,domestic and international dual cycle promotes" new development pattern of higher vocational colleges and the new goal of "area" enterprise cooperation,the new supply and the new mechanism,optimization of higher vocational colleges and the "area" the practice of enterprise cooperation pattern is an important topic of the new era of vocational education research.In the era of high-quality development of China’s economy and vocational education and the "double cycle" development pattern,this study focuses on optimizing the cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises.From the theoretical perspective,this paper comprehensively applies the human capital theory,supply and demand theory and the "four spiral" theory of the integration of industry and education,and analyzes the cooperation mode and its elements between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises from the perspective of "core objective--supply and demand relationship--operation mechanism".In terms of the research content,problem-oriented,five questions are explored successively,such as the ideal of cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises,the representation of the current situation,the cause of the problem,the operation mechanism and the optimization strategy.In terms of technical route,according to the analytical thinking of "asking questions--analyzing problems--solving problems",adopt the basic paradigm of mixed research,comprehensively use questionnaire survey,interview survey,case study and other methods,with the help of research tools such as Spss 21.0 and Nvivo11.0.To explore the theoretical and practical problems of the cooperation mode between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.Specific research and exploration are as follows:Firstly,the theoretical framework of the cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises is constructed.The history,achievements and challenges of cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises are sorted out from policy logic and practice.This paper focuses on the new challenges of cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises,and explores theoretical explanations from three aspects of cooperation objective,cooperation relationship and operation mechanism.Based on human capital theory,supply and demand theory and four helix theory,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of "goal-supply-demand-mechanism" for cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises,and puts forward theoretical hypotheses and conjecture.Secondly,it investigates the practical level of cooperation between vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises.By comprehensive use of literature method and interview method,the Questionnaire for the Survey of Higher Vocational Colleges under the Belt and Road Initiative and the Questionnaire for the Survey of Enterprises on the Belt and Road Initiative were compiled,and the questionnaires were revised and tested with the help of item analysis,correlation analysis and reliability and validity analysis.On this basis,stratified random sampling was used to carry out the questionnaire survey,and 623 questionnaires of "Belt and Road" enterprises and 240 questionnaires of higher vocational colleges were distributed,and 477 and 133 valid questionnaires were recovered,respectively.At the same time,a total of 25 persons in charge of enterprises,including teachers of higher vocational colleges,government personnel and students,were interviewed on the spot or by telephone successively.The interview results were coded and analyzed with the help of NVivo software to dig the actual representation of supply and demand side.Then,it explores the root causes of the cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.On the basis of questionnaire survey and in-depth interview,based on the demand of "One Belt and One Road" enterprises and the supply of higher vocational colleges,this paper analyzes the problem representation of misalignment of goal,imbalance of supply and poor operation in the cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.Combined with human capital theory,supply and demand theory and four helix theory,this paper analyzes the imbalance problem and its root causes from the dimensions of social education logic,absence of market forecast and cognitive control technology governance.Thirdly,it dissects the specific patterns of cooperation mode between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.By sampling the practical modes of cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises,three modes of cross-border cooperation of institutions,projects and personnel are selected for multi-case study to reveal the internal logic and mechanism of the cooperation mode.This paper focuses on the analysis of the objectives,supply and demand,and the current situation and problems of the operation mechanism of the three modes of cross-border cooperation of institutions,projects and personnel.Based on each mode,several analysis units are embedded for comparison,and the experience and lessons from them are analyzed.Finally,the paper puts forward the countermeasures to optimize the cooperation mode between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.Combined with the imbalance problems found in the current investigation,multiple root causes analysis and case study pattern comparison,from the perspective of improving the level of vocational education,the paper puts forward the optimal countermeasures of cooperation mode: first,optimize the core objectives,improve the quality of skilled personnel training;Second,optimize the structure of supply and demand and set up the professional structure reasonably;Third,we need to optimize partners,regions and support for cooperation.Through theoretical analysis,empirical investigation and case study,the main findings of the research on the cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises are as follows:First,"Belt and Road" enterprises value the social ability as the first quality of vocational college students.Both higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises believe that social ability,professional ability and method ability constitute vocational ability of higher vocational students.The survey found that the "Belt and Road" enterprises most value the first quality of vocational college students is "hard-working,loyal to the enterprise,have a sense of social responsibility" social ability,such quality core vocational ability system fits the construction needs of enterprises along the route for vocational college talents.Second,there is a three-dimensional imbalance of goals,supply and demand and mechanism in the cooperation between vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises.First,the imbalance between supply and demand of human capital quality,the mismatch between supply and demand on the factor status of vocational college students’ vocational ability,and the social value of "community of interests,responsibility and destiny" has not yet been reflected.Second,supply dislocation,"Belt and Road" enterprises mainly in manufacturing,followed by wholesale and retail;However,the number of majors serving the tertiary industry in higher vocational colleges is significantly higher than that serving the secondary industry.Third,there is a serious imbalance in operational support,and the "four-spiral" operation mechanism of "school-enterprise-government-action" is not smooth.Third,the lack of logical cognition,market prediction and technical governance is the root cause of the imbalance in cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises.The reason for the imbalance of human capital quality lies in the absence of social and educational logic.The reason of unbalance of supply and demand structure lies in the absence of market forecast and scientific evaluation.The root cause of operation imbalance lies in the lack of cognition,control and technology in the operation of cooperative organizations,especially the lack of policy,funds and information.Fourth,cross-border personnel,cross-border projects and cross-border institutions are the three modes of cooperation between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises.The three modes progress layer by layer,from shallow to deep,and are interrelated with each other.The cross-border cooperation mode of personnel is the loosest and the least difficult,the cross-border cooperation mode of project is the most common and the difficulty is moderate,and the cross-border cooperation mode of institutions is the most in-depth and the most difficult.The cross-border cooperation model includes the cross-border movement of project and personnel elements.At present,in the service of "One Belt and One Road" construction in China’s higher vocational colleges,the project cross-border cooperation mode is the main mode,and the institution cross-border cooperation mode is less.Fifth,optimization of cooperation objectives,optimization of supply and demand structure,and partner,region and guarantee support are the future direction of upgrading the cooperation mode between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises.In the cooperation mode between higher vocational colleges and "Belt and Road" enterprises,higher requirements are put forward for the derivative functions of government and industry associations.The lack of functions of participants,multiple values of core objectives,and organizational operation in the "four spirals" mechanism are the root causes of the poor operation of the cross-border cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.Therefore,reconstruction of cooperation objectives,optimization of supply and demand relations,supporting partners,regions and guarantee support are the future direction of upgrading the cooperation mode between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.To sum up,this study uses the method of hybrid research to explore the ideal,realistic dilemma,problem root,specific pattern and optimization strategy of the cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.In theory,it expands the original theoretical research horizon of university-enterprise cross-border cooperation;The research perspective is innovative,from focusing on the three-way cooperation between universities and enterprises in higher vocational education to the four-way cooperation involving the national public and industry organizations,taking into account the internal driving force of the international development of higher vocational education and the multiple missions of "One Belt and One Road" enterprises.New countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.According to the new requirements of national strategy,the new mission of higher vocational education and the dilemma of enterprises in "One Belt and One Road",the optimization scheme of cooperation mode is put forward,which opens up ideas for higher vocational colleges to serve the construction of "One Belt and One Road".It provides theoretical supplement for the study of cross-border cooperation between Chinese universities and enterprises,and practical reference for the strategy of improving the running level of higher vocational education and serving the country with high quality.