Research On Higher Education Cooperation Model Between Yunnan And Myanmar Under The Background Of “Belt And Road Initiative”

As an important part of the service trade,education service ranks the fifth among the 12 basic service sectors identified by the General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS),the current international education service trade is mainly concentrated in higher education.The construction of the “Belt and Road” requires higher education to cultivate high-end,comprehensive talents in various fields such as non-universal languages,economics and trade,international business,organizational communication,education and medical engineering,the development and cooperation of higher education in the countries along the route also need economic and material support,infrastructure support,and development environment support brought about by the “Belt and Road Initiative”.The two need each other and help each other.President Xi Jinping visited Myanmar for the first time in 2020 on the 70 th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Myanmar,and reached 7 cooperation projects directly related to Yunnan and Myanmar.The “2020 China-Myanmar Cultural Tourism Year” will be held to deepen mutual understanding between the people of both sides through exchanges in tourism,education and culture.In 2015,the State Council issued the “Overall Plan to Promote the Construction of World-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines”;in 2016,the Ministry of Education issued the “Promoting the Educational Action of Building the Belt and Road Initiative”;in 2019,the National Development and Reform Commission issued “Policies and measures to support Yunnan Province in accelerating the construction of a radiation center facing South and Southeast Asia”.These important documents are intended to promote the internationalization of higher education in China and the educational cooperation process between China and countries along the “Belt and Road”.In this context,Yunnan,as the frontier and window for exchanges and cooperation between China and other countries,shoulders the important task of friendly cooperation with the countries along the route,especially neighboring countries.As the largest trading partner,the largest import source country,and the export destination country of Yunnan,Myanmar has been expanding its economic and trade cooperation with Yunnan in recent years,the needs of both sides for Chinese and Burmese language professionals who are familiar with professional fields are increasingly urgent.The cooperation of Yunnan-Myanmar higher education can not only cultivate and transport comprehensive talents,but also close the cultural distance between the people of Yunnan and Myanmar,and cultivate the foundation of public opinion,so that the two sides could get to know each other,understand and recognize each other.Supported by human capital theory,educational economics theory,and interdependence theory,this paper first explains the current situation and cooperation of higher education in Yunnan and Myanmar,draws the current problems and obstacles in Sino-Myanmar higher education cooperation.Secondly,analyzes Myanmar's demand for Chinese higher education,this is not in conflict with the higher education cooperation between Yunnan and Myanmar.On the contrary,Yunnan is a pioneer in the development of higher education cooperation between China and Myanmar.In this paper,a Likert five-point survey questionnaire was issued,and interviews were conducted to understand Myanmar's views on higher education.The data collected from the questionnaire was used to analyze the main influencing factors of Myanmar's demand for higher education of China.After analysis,the main factors influencing the respondents to study in China and study in Sino-Myanmar cooperative education institutions are the availability of subsidized scholarships,the recognition of the obtained diplomas in Myanmar,and the convenience of study.The main objectives are to improve employment competitiveness,income levels,Chinese language level and comprehensive cultural quality level,indicating that respondents' demand for higher education is greatly affected by socio-economic and material conditions,which not only drives interviewees to participate in Sino-Myanmar higher education cooperation,but also restricts the respondents to study in China or a Sino-Myanmar cooperative school to some extent;Professional needs focus on applied and practical majors such as medicine,economics,management,agriculture,science and technology,language,law and so on;In terms of cooperation prospects,respondents have a positive attitude towards Sino-Myanmar higher education cooperation.Then this paper divides the current Sino-foreign higher education cooperation model from four perspectives: the degree of cooperation and integration,the different participants in cooperation,the independent school qualifications of the cooperative colleges,and the cross-border education carrier.From the performance characteristics of the cooperation model,in terms of the degree of integration,Yunnan-Myanmar higher education cooperation is still in a loose mode and has not yet reached the grafting and integration mode;In terms of cross-border mobility carriers,three modes of personnel mobility,project mobility and institutional mobility are involved.From the perspective of structural form,in terms of the qualifications for independent schools of cooperative colleges,only the cooperative school model is involved,and there is no cooperative model of secondary colleges or independent colleges.From the perspective of the operating mechanism,in terms of main participants of cooperation,the number of achievements in the mode of school-enterprise cooperation,cooperation between universities and social organizations is very small.School-school cooperation is very important but at a weak level among them.Government-school-enterprise,school-enterprise-research institute cooperation has not yet achieved concrete results.In general,Yunnan-Myanmar higher education cooperation is in its infancy,cooperation between universities is very weak,and school-enterprise cooperation needs to be enriched and developed.Then draw lessons from the internationalization of higher education in some western developed countries and ASEAN countries,and learn from the experience for our own use.Based on the analysis of the above studies,it is concluded that the current higher education in Myanmar is in the reform stage,and there is a need to set up the teacher professions,and the opportunity of Myanmar government's permission for allowing all foreign investment in private higher education;Yunnan-Myanmar “Belt and Road” construction provides support for education cooperation;Distance higher education has a good public base.Therefore,this paper believes that in addition to coping with existing problems and obstacles,the focus of Yunnan-Myanmar education cooperation should also address the needs of Myanmar's higher education in China and the characteristics of Myanmar's own higher education to make up for the current gap in higher education,seizing Yunnan's unique location and policy advantages,and the Myanmar government's permission for allowing all foreign investment to establish private universities.Optimize the existing cooperation model from deepening the connection and cooperation of colleges and universities,drawing on the “dual system” school-enterprise cooperation model,highlighting the government's leading role,playing the “Belt and Road” support and driving role.Then proposes four possible innovative cooperation models: Education stratification model—research and vocational education are first stratified and then merged;Language dependence model—expansion projects based on language advantages;Professional docking mode—docking cooperation with universities of the same major type;Advance site model—pioneer and bridge of Sino-Myanmar higher education cooperation.Finally,path countermeasures are proposed from the perspectives of elements and factors such as cross-border cooperation,management and institutions,cooperation funds,platforms and alliances,and scientific research.