Research On The Influence Of Digital Economy On China’s Labor Force Employment Structure And Quality

According to the report of the 19th CPC National Congress,"Employment is pivotal to people’s well-being.We must give high priority to employment and pursue a proactive employment policy,striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs." In present,accompanying with the developing of digital technology such as big data、artificial intelligence and cloud computing,China has gradually entered the era of digital economy.Against this background,the government of China attaches great importance to the development of digital economy,formulating the blueprint for the development of digital economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era in the report of the 19th CPC National Congress.The blueprint proposed to promote the deep integration of the Internet,big data,artificial intelligence and the real economy,accelerating the construction of digital China,vigorously developing the digital economy and the sharing economy,fostering new growth points and forming new kinetic energy.With the rapid development of China’s digital economy,the popularity of the Internet has formed the dual effects of substitution and creation of employment through the growth and accumulation of data in various departments.Thus,it has a profound impact on China’s labor market,and its importance has been widely concerned by more and more scholars.In view of this,this paper aims to thoroughly analyze the comprehensive impact of digital economy on the total employment,structure,quality and other aspects of the labor market,and comprehensively analyze the impact of digital economy development on China’s employment structure and quality and its mechanism from a multi-level perspective,so as to analyze the all-round impact of the development of digital economy with Chinese socialist characteristics on the labor market.Firstly,this paper makes a theoretical review and literature review,combing the related theoretical basis in the research process of this paper,focusing on expanding the combed related theories to the later theoretical models for research.Secondly,this paper summarizes the literature on digital economy,labor force employment and the influence of digital economy on labor force employment.Finally,this paper summarizes the characteristics of the digital economy affecting the labor force employment,the defects in the existing research results are summarized,and pinpointing the starting point of the research content.Furthermore,this paper makes a dynamic tendency statistical analysis through the digital economy,the labor force employment and the digital economy affecting the labor force employment.This paper makes a visual display and analysis and research on the development of digital economy,labor force employment structure and employment quality in China from the aspects of overall characteristics and regional characteristics,and reveals that the development of digital economy has the possibility of influencing the total employment,employment structure and macro-micro employment quality in China.In the theoretical analysis,this paper summarizes and analyzes the effects and mechanism of digital economy and the development of data elements on labor force employment structure and quality.On the one hand,this paper demonstrates the comprehensive influence of digital economy on the total employment through substitution effect and compensation effect,and its staged influence on the employment structure.On the other hand,this paper demonstrates the effect and mechanism of digital economy on macro and micro employment quality by improving the efficiency of market-oriented resource allocation,which provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up empirical test.In the empirical test,this paper firstly reconstructs China’s new production function under the digital economy from the perspective of data elements,selects Chinese provincial panel data from 2001 to 2018,and empirically tests the influence of digital economy on related indicators such as total employment,employment structure and employment quality of labor force through Panel cointegration test,Granger causality test,OLS estimation method,FGLS estimation method,Probit model and Spatial Dubin Model.The research finds that the development of digital economy has the characteristics of phased influence on China’s employment structure from positive U-shaped dual polarization to single polarization,and demonstrates that the development of digital economy in China will optimize China’s employment structure in a long-term way by increasing the employment ratio of highly skilled labor.Secondly,this paper calculates the provincial employment quality in China from 2001 to 2018,and finds that the average score of employment quality in each province in China has risen steadily in the past two decades,but there is still a certain gap between the employment quality in the central and western regions and the eastern regions,that is,the regional differentiation difference is obvious.In the empirical test,this paper continues to take data elements as the pivotal variable,and examines the influence of explanatory variables including data elements on the quality of employment at provincial level in China.The results show that from a macro perspective,digital economy can promote the further improvement of employment quality,labor remuneration and employment security level,and also promote the continuous improvement of employment environment and the continuous enhancement of employment ability,thus providing a new opportunity for China to achieve high-quality employment.Finally,based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),this paper examines the influence of digital economy on individual subjective employment quality indicators and objective employment quality indicators from a micro perspective.The research results show that digital economy can improve individual employment quality of workers from five aspects,such as improving individual labor income,job stability,job autonomy,job satisfaction and reducing working hours.At the same time,it also provides micro evidence for the inspection results of macro employment quality.To sum up,the development of digital economy can optimize China’s employment structure and improve China’s macro and micro employment quality.According to the research results of empirical test,the comprehensive and equal allocation of data element resources is the key countermeasure to solve the digital employment gap among regions,industries and industries in China.The accumulation of data elements can alleviate the imbalance of regional labor market development by improving labor skills and high-quality employment,so as to maximize the efficiency of labor resource allocation.In view of this,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions to promote the digital economy to better empower the labor market:Give full play to the advantages of digital economy to improve employment quality,pay attention to the digital gap that digital economy affects the employment market,take the opportunity of digital economy to continuously promote the optimization and upgrading of employment structure,and work together to cope with the digital changes in the labor market,and finally guide the broad masses of labor to achieve fuller and higher quality employment under the background of rapid development of digital economy.The main innovations of this paper include three points:① From the perspective of new production factors,this paper explores a production function form based on data element,and makes an empirical analysis and test of the influence of digital economy on the total employment and employment structure.② This paper constructs the provincial employment quality index of China from 2001 to 2018 for nearly 20 years,which provides certain research contribution for the follow-up research in related fields.③ In this paper,the macro employment quality of the labor market and the micro employment quality of individual laborer are jointly studied,which provides some empirical basis for the related research on the high-quality development of China’s labor market.