| The lack of industrial innovation capability is an urgent problem to be solved in the transformation process of the old industrial bases in Jilin Province.The old industrial base needs to continuously promote industrial innovation and improve its innovation capabilities to maintain its competitiveness.Industrial innovation in the old industrial base of Jilin Province is governed by both the general law of industrial innovation and the special law of the old industrial base.Moreover,the specific regional conditions of Jilin Province also have an impact.Because of the special complexity of the innovation mechanism,this paper focuses on the combination of regional research ideas and innovation research ideas.This paper proposed a three-stage industrial innovation analytical framework based on the whole process from innovation resources to innovation achievements to innovation benefits,constructed a method to identify the lock-in effect of the old industrial base,and analyzed the influencing factors and mechanisms of industrial innovation capacity in old industrial bases based on Porter’s diamond model.In this paper,mathematical methods such as super-efficiency DEA,spatial characteristic ellipse,Moran’s I,cold and hot spot analysis,the coupling degree and coordinating degree,geographical detectors,and panel regression analysis were used for research.The current situation,spatial pattern and mechanism of the industrial innovation capacity of the old industrial bases in Jilin Province were analyzed from three spatial scales: region,cluster and subject.The text of this paper is mainly divided into four parts.The first part includes chapter one and chapter two.This part is mainly to sort out the previous research and build the theoretical analysis framework.In this part,this paper explained the background,purpose,significance,content,methods and innovation points of this study,combed the domestic and foreign research on regional innovation and industrial innovation transformation of old industrial bases,elaborated the basic concepts of old industrial base,regional innovation,innovation cluster,industrial innovation,industrial innovation capability,expounded the basic theories of innovation geography,innovation cluster and competitive advantage,evolutionary economic geography,path dependence and lock-in effect,and put forward the theoretical analytical framework of this study.In the framework of theoretical analysis,this paper put forward a three-stage innovation analytical framework including the transformation of innovation resources,the research of innovation achievements,and the realization of innovation benefits.And this paper constructed a method to identify the lock-in effect of old industrial bases,including the induction of the evolution history of industrial innovation,the analysis of industrial innovation capability data,the significance test of self-reinforcing mechanism,and the spatial heterogeneity analysis of the lock-in effect.Furthermore,this paper clarified the method of applying the Porter diamond model to industrial innovation,discussed the idea of exploring the industrial innovation mechanism of clusters based on industry-university-research cooperation,cluster life cycle,and cluster enterprise attributes,and explained the cross-scale research framework of the overall mechanism of industrial innovation.The second part includes the third and fourth chapters,which mainly explains the historical evolution and current level of industrial innovation in the old industrial bases of Jilin Province.The evolution history of industrial innovation in the old industrial bases of Jilin Province can be divided into the following three stages: the stage in which the planned economy occupied a dominant position,the stage in which the influence of market and foreign capital was rising,and the stage in which multiple factors exerted influence together.The stage in which multiple factors exerted influence together after the global financial crisis is the main time scale for this empirical study.The measurement results of industrial innovation capacity at the provincial and municipal level are mainly from 2007 to 2019.In the process of transformation of innovative resources,all cities except Changchun and Yanbian were faced with resource constraints of both output and efficiency decline.In the stage of R&D of innovation achievements,the output and efficiency of Changchun,Jilin,Siping and Baicheng were all rising,and the differentiation of cities was obvious.The difference of output was significantly higher than that of efficiency,and the gap was widening.At the stage of innovation benefits-driven,the ability of all cities to transform industrial innovation achievements into economic benefits was weak.The measurement results of industrial innovation capacity at the innovation subject scale are mainly from 2007 to 2022.The patents of all kinds of innovation subjects had generally increased and had basically been or changed to be dominated by invention patents.The industrial innovation of state-owned holding enterprises and innovation cluster enterprises showed superior risk resistance ability during the three years of the COVID-19.China FAW Group Corporation,Jilin University,and Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics always had an overall influence on industrial innovation in Jilin Province.From the perspective of scale comparison,the output of universities and state-owned enterprises exceeded that of scientific research institutes,while the output of private enterprises was significantly lower.The output of cluster enterprises and innovative cluster enterprises was significantly higher than that of enclave enterprises and industrial zone enterprises.From the perspective of quality comparison,scientific research institutes had the highest proportion of invention patents,and the proportion of invention patents of various subjects had the characteristics of convergence.The measurement results of industrial innovation capacity at cluster scale are mainly from 2007 to 2022.The innovation level of most industrial innovation clusters was in an overall upward trend.The innovation level of FAW cluster in the southwest of Changchun was significantly higher than that of other clusters.FAW cluster in the east of Changchun,cluster on the east of Changchun Silicon Valley Street,and Changchun North Lake science cluster also had certain advantages.FAW cluster in the southwest of Changchun demonstrated superior anti risk ability during the three years of COVID-19.The third part includes the fifth chapter,which mainly explains the spatial pattern of industrial innovation in the old industrial bases of Jilin Province and its evolution process and cross-scale correlation.In terms of space-time evolution,the industrial innovation evolution of the old industrial bases in Jilin Province,which has entered the stage in which multiple factors exert influence together,can be divided into three periods.2007-2011 is a period of transformation and development.The output of the first stage of industrial innovation in all cities was fluctuating or rising,and the spatial distribution basically continued the past pattern.The efficiency of the second stage of industrial innovation presented an opposite distribution,and the output of the second stage of industrial innovation presented a core-edge distribution pattern.2011-2015 is the resource constraint period.The output of the first stage of industrial innovation showed cyclical fluctuations,and its distribution pattern began to close to the output of the third stage of industrial innovation.The efficiency of the first and second stages of industrial innovation declined overall,and the output of the second stage of industrial innovation was strong in the east and weak in the west.2015-2019 is the efficiency differentiation period.The efficiency of the second stage of industrial innovation in the central and western regions had increased significantly.The central region,which was less constrained by resources,had advantages in terms of output and efficiency in the second stage,and the output in the third stage also had spatial concentration.The central part of Jilin Province established obvious advantages in industrial innovation capacity.In terms of spatial continuity and agglomeration characteristics,there was no significant spatial autocorrelation between the output and efficiency of industrial innovation research and development in all cities.In the period of transformation and development,the eastern and western regions were prone to appear abnormally high points of efficiency in the second stage of industrial innovation.In the period of resource constraints,Baicheng maintained an abnormally high value point for a long time,and low value cluster formed around Changchun.During the efficiency differentiation period,the advantages of Baicheng spread to the whole central and western regions,forming a high-value cluster,while Tonghua,Baishan and the surrounding areas in the east turned into low-value cluster in terms of output and efficiency.In terms of crossscale coupling and coordination,there was a matching relationship between the overall industrial innovation level of the cluster and the industrial innovation ability of the core enterprise of the cluster.There was a matching relationship between the region with high efficiency of industrial innovation and the clusters with high level of industrial innovation.And there was a matching relationship between the region with large scale of industrial innovation and the enterprise and scientific research institution with strong industrial innovation ability.The fourth part includes Chapter 6,Chapter 7 and Chapter 8.This part mainly explains the mechanism of industrial innovation in the old industrial bases of Jilin Province,puts forward countermeasures and suggestions,and summarizes the research conclusions of the full text.This paper confirmed the existence of lock-in effect in the old industrial bases of Jilin Province and analyzed the four channels of lock-in effect affecting industrial innovation: some industrial enterprises’ innovation strategies deviate from the realistic needs,large enterprises occupy a dominant position and small enterprises have insufficient development levels,emerging industries are small in scale and face a crowding-out effect,the degree of administrative intervention is deep and the management system is rigid.Furthermore,based on the empirical analysis,this paper analysed the regional industrial innovation mechanism,the cluster industrial innovation mechanism with the external,central and internal three-dimensional structure,and the enterprise industrial innovation mechanism discussed by classification.On this basis,this paper analysed the overall mechanism of industrial innovation in the old industrial bases of Jilin Province.The lock-in effect and geographical location form two macro preconditions.The restriction of geographical location causes the old industrial base that lacks advantages in scale to rely on external relations,and the improvement of innovation efficiency becomes crucial.However,the lock-in effect of the old industrial base forms a complex mechanism affecting industrial innovation,which on the one hand hinders the mutual promotion of innovation benefits and innovation resources,and on the other hand has a complex impact on the innovation environment.The excessive redundant enterprise scale is negative,but the radical enterprise innovation strategy and industrial structure adjustment are also negative,which makes it difficult to maintain the appropriate strength of the industrial innovation transformation strategy of the old industrial base.Promoting industrial innovation of clusters is an important way to promote the industrial innovation transformation of old industrial bases,because clusters are conducive to promoting industrial innovation of enterprises,especially the industrial innovation clusters with reasonable layout of industry-university-research and coherent development.Regional industry-universityresearch cooperation factors,cluster evolution factors and enterprise ownership factors can have a superimposed effect on industrial innovation of cluster enterprises.Therefore,promoting cluster innovation helps to form a cross-scale virtuous circle.In addition,it is also an effective way to improve the industrial innovation capacity of the old industrial base to develop regional core industrial innovation subjects and cluster core industrial innovation enterprises and achieve win-win results in the co-evolution of groups and core individuals.Finally,this paper elaborated the above mechanism in combination with the regional situation of Jilin Province and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the industrial innovation transformation of the old industrial bases in Jilin Province from the perspectives of overcoming the negative impact of the lock-in effect,promoting the cluster industrial innovation,and improving the innovation and business environment. |
