Evaluation And Promotion Pathway Of Green Development Efficiency Of Marine Fish Culture Industry In China

As the pillar industry of aquaculture,marine fish culture industry in China has established and contributed to the optimization of China’s aquaculture.It has made an important contribution to providing high-quality animal protein,thriving the fishery,and enriching the lives of fishermen.The main culture species are Scophthalmus maximus,Paralichthys olivaceus,Cynoglossus semilaevis,Tetraodontidae,Larimichthys crocea,Epinephelus spp.,Lateolabrax japonicus,Rachycentron canadum,and Trachinotus ovatus.The culture modes mainly include industrial flow-through aquaculture,industrial recirculating aquaculture,ordinary cage aquaculture,offshore cage aquaculture,ordinary pond aquaculture,and engineering pond aquaculture.However,the development of this industry is limited by a wide range of environmental concerns,resulting from the ecological impacts of aquaculture inputs and resources.In order to achieve sustainable social-economic-environmental development,marine fish culture industry is promoting green development and industrial transformation and upgrading.Green development efficiency(GDE)is an important criterion for measuring the level of green development.It considers not only economic development efficiency but also resource consumption and environmental costs.Nevertheless,aquaculture producers do not realize the GDE difference among different modes.The active application of the high-cost green culture modes by aquaculture producers is not strong,which greatly limits the green development of marine fish culture industry.Green culture modes are required further reducing production costs and pollution,and increasing revenues.These are depended on the improvement of the GDE of marine fish culture industry.Moreover,there is lack of research on the GDE of marine fish culture industry.Therefore,this study focuses on the key scientific issue of the promotion mechanism of the GDE of marine fish culture industry,with marine fish culture industry as the research object.Constructs the GDE evaluation index system of marine fish culture industry,containing inputs,desirable outputs and undesirable outputs.The evaluation index system is based on the connotation of the green development of aquaculture.This research assesses the GDE of marine fish culture industry,screens the key factors affecting the GDE of marine fish culture industry,and analyzes the pathway to improve the GDE of marine fish culture industry.All these promote the green transformation and upgrading of marine fish culture industry,which has certain academic value.The results of this study present an objective assessment of the GDE of marine fish culture industry in China and provide valuable insights for analyzing mechanisms to improve the GDE of marine fish culture industry.This paper is based on data from field surveys(2017-2019)distributed in coastal areas,including Liaoning,Hebei,Tianjin,Shandong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan,and the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook(2018-2020),the GDE evaluation index system of marine fish culture industry is established.Super-slack-based measure model(Super-SBM)is used to evaluate the GDE of marine fish culture industry.Tobit model is constructed to analyze the factors affecting the GDE of marine fish culture industry.This research analyzes the pathway to improve the GDE of marine fish culture industry,including internal mechanism and external mechanism.All these promote the green transformation and upgrading of marine fish culture industry in China.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Nowadays the scale of green culture modes,which are encouraged by the government,is smaller than that of traditional culture modes,and the production of green culture modes is less than that of traditional culture modes.From this research,there are significant differences in the costs of marine fish culture species,the total cost per unit of Cynoglossus semilaevis is the highest,and Lateolabrax japonicus is the lowest.The average cost per unit range of other marine fish culture species is 15-50 yuan/kg.Among the marine fish culture species,the variable cost per unit is higher than the fixed cost per unit,and a higher proportion of the total unit cost is the feed expenditure item,and there are obvious differences in marine fish culture modes,with the highest proportion of feed expenditure in the cage aquaculture,followed by pond aquaculture,and a relatively small proportion of feed expenditure in the industrial aquaculture.The green development of aquaculture is a dynamic process.In the process of promoting this green development,it needs to be systematically promoted with green consumer demand as the guiding force,green technology as the supporting force,and institutional reform as the driving force.(2)This paper establishes an evaluation index system and uses the super-slack-based measure model(Super-SBM)to evaluate the GDE of marine fish culture industry.The results show that the average GDE of marine fish culture industry in China is 0.9529.Tetraodontidae(industrial recirculating aquaculture)is the subindustry with the highest GDE(1.2913),and Paralichthys olivaceus(ordinary pond aquaculture)is the subindustry with the lowest GDE(0.3710).Regarding culture modes,offshore cage aquaculture,industrial recirculating aquaculture,and engineering pond aquaculture are in an efficient state,with the GDE of 1.2310,1.0827,1.0401,respectively.Industrial flow-through aquaculture,ordinary cage aquaculture,and ordinary pond aquaculture are in an inefficient state,their GDE are 0.9884,0.8746,0.8248,respectively.As for culture species,Trachinotus ovatus and Rachycentron canadum are the two species farmed in an efficient state,with the GDE of 1.2107 and 1.0659,respectively;contrarily,Scophthalmus maximus,Larimichthys crocea,Cynoglossus semilaevis,Tetraodontidae,Lateolabrax japonicus,Epinephelus spp.,and Paralichthys olivaceus are the species farmed in an inefficient state,with the GDE of 0.9954,0.9847,0.9675,0.9142,0.8370,0.7371 and 0.5455,respectively.The results of this study present an objective assessment of the GDE of marine fish culture industry in China and provide valuable insights for analyzing mechanisms to improve the GDE of marine fish culture industry.It is necessary to enlarge the scale and increase the production of green culture modes.Especially,more attentions should be paid on the green culture modes of Scophthalmus maximus,Larimichthys crocea,Cynoglossus semilaevis,Tetraodontidae,Lateolabrax japonicus,Epinephelus spp.,and Paralichthys olivaceus.(3)This paper builds up a panel Tobit model to evaluate the influence factors of marine fish culture industry in China.The results show that the influence factors of the green technology level,the scale proportions of green modes and market price were significant positive effects on the GDE,while the influence factor of the policy support was insignificant positive effects on the GDE.The results of this paper present an objective assessment of the GDE of marine fish culture industry in China and provide valuable insights for analyzing mechanisms to improve the GDE of marine fish culture industry.Policy support mainly promotes the green transformation and upgrading of marine fish culture industry through technical promotion and scientific-technological funding support,and provides policy guarantee for the green development of marine fish culture industry.Green technology level presents a significant positive influence on the improvement of the GDE of marine fish culture industry,and the application of green culture modes can balance the economic development after resource consumption and environmental costs,achieve dynamic Pareto optimum and maximize economic-socialecological benefits.The scale proportions of green modes present a significant positive influence on the improvement of the GDE of marine fish culture industry,which can smooth the whole industrial chain of green development of marine fish culture industry,provide the driving force to realize the green transformation of marine fish culture industry in China.Market price presents a significant positive influence on the enhancement of the GDE of marine fish culture industry,and a reasonable price display mechanism can ensure the promotion and application of green culture modes of marine fish,and then promote the green transformation and upgrading of marine fish culture industry.(4)The improvement mechanism of the GDE of marine fish culture industry includes internal mechanism and external mechanism.The internal mechanism includes the relationship among inputs,desirable outputs and undesirable outputs in the production process of marine fish culture industry.Marine fish culture species adopt different culture modes to carry out production activities.Due to the differences of marine fish culture species and modes,variety proportions of capital input,labor input and land input constitute inputs,and then the output of marine fish culture industry is obtained,and the gross value of marine fish culture is obtained through market price.At the same time,different amounts of chemical oxygen demand(COD)emissions,total nitrogen(TN)emissions,total phosphorus(TP)emissions and other pollutants are produced.The external mechanism is the direct effect of green technology level,the scale proportions of green modes and market price on the inputs,desirable outputs and undesirable outputs of the GDE of marine fish culture industry,and the indirect effect of policy support on the inputs,desirable outputs and undesirable outputs of the GDE of marine fish culture industry.Based on the above studies,this paper provides pathway for promoting the GDE of marine fish culture industry:(1)It is necessary to explore the support-guarantee pathway of the green transformation system of marine fish culture industry by policy support.Specifically include reducing the production costs of green culture modes of marine fish by improving the tax relief policy of green culture modes.At the same time,strengthen the support of special funds for green technology to promote the effective improvement of green technology,enhance the efficiency of resource utilization and reduce the production costs of green culture modes.Improving the property rights system for environmental resources,increasing the environmental costs of traditional culture modes,and taking into account the undesirable outputs produced by it,so as to enhance the competitive advantage of green culture modes in terms of profits in production with traditional culture modes.(2)Analyze the resources optimization allocation pathway of marine fish culture industry in China by green technology.Promote aquaculture producers to upgrade green technology and improve the efficiency of green culture resources utilization by aquaculture producers in production.Guiding aquaculture producers to expand the added value of green products and enhance the revenue of green culture products in the market through brand awareness,etc.(3)The coordination pathway for promoting the restructuring of the marine fish culture industry by the scale proportions of green modes is clarified.Specifically includes the strengthening of the agglomeration effect of the green culture industry,making green culture modes achieve scale benefits.Ensuring the green mode culture area and stabilizing the scale benefits of green culture modes.(4)Explore the dynamic pathway of production and consumption behavior of marine fish culture industry economic agents in China by market price.Strengthen the green consumption market guidance,guide the green consumption habits of consumers and build up the price display mechanism of green products.Improving the whole industrial chain of green culture modes,sounding the competition mechanism of the green product market and enhancing the competitiveness of the green product market.Strengthening green culture publicity and education,highlighting the clear socialecological responsibility of producers,and guiding the green consumption value orientation of consumers.