The Cross-Level Effects Of High Performance Work Systems:

This study examines the Cross-Level outcomes of High Performance Work Systems(HPWS)on the company and employee outcomes.At the company level,the study assesses the outcomes of HPWS utilization on innovative performance of an organization.The used data collected from seventeen commercial banks in Tanzania-the participants in the company level were the HR managers,the CEOs of the banks,the bank managers and the head of department in the banks.Total of 152 respondents returned the questionnaires in the survey conducted in 2019.The results of this study indicate that an extensive utilization of HPWS is linked to an increase of innovative performance of banks in Tanzania.The study was guided by socio-exchange theory and socio-emotional selectivity theory.At the employee-Level,the research examines the relationship between future time perspective(FTP)and innovative work behaviors(IWB)at banks in Tanzania.The findings of the study prove that future time perspective have a significant relationship with employee's innovative work behaviors at a work place.A total of 220 employees responded to the survey questionnaires.This research used hierarchical liner modeling approach to test the relationship between the company level and employee level.The study analyzed cross level link between HPWS and FTP as well as the link between HPWS and IWB.Findings indicate that,there is positive association between HPWS and IWB as well as in the link between HPWS and FTP.The study also tested the mediation effect of FTP between HPWS and IWB-the results indicates that FTP mediates the relationship between HPWS and IWB.The results also indicate that Job autonomy moderates the relationship between HPWS and IWB and moderates the link between FTP and IWB.The researcher of this study suggests that organizations should formulate strategies that fit HPWS practices and consider socio-emotional motivational constructs of future time perspective as they are factors towards the superior performance of organization.