Research On The Mixed Ownership And Its Internal Governance In Higher Vocational Colleges

The purpose of the reform of mixed ownership in state-owned enterprises is to introduce private capital,giving full play to the advantages of different attributes of public and private resources,so as to stimulate the competitiveness and vitality of state-owned enterprises.With the deepening of the reform of mixed ownership in the economic field,this idea gradually penetrated into the field of education.For a long time,public Higher Vocational Colleges have been accustomed to being well respected and fear that cooperation with private enterprises will damage the image of public welfare and cause the loss of state-owned capital.However,private Higher Vocational Colleges are difficult to attract excellent enterprises to cooperate because they are regarded as "second-class citizns",which often leads to the phenomenon of"two skins" in school-enterprise cooperation in Higher Vocational Colleges.Can we explore a new school-running system that can stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in school-running and optimize the allocation of different resources?In 2014,the State Council officially proposed to encourage all kinds of school-running bodies to participate in school-running with various elements such as capital,knowledge,technology and management,and clearly pointed out that "exploring and developing joint-stock and mixed-ownership vocational colleges",thus opening the prelude of exploring and developing mixed-ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges.The mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges mainly refers to the vocational education jointly held by two or more subjects with independent legal personality from the public and private sectors with multiple elements,which has the characteristics of mutual penetration and integration of multiple property rights,and different property rights subjects jointly govern,share achievements and bear risks.The State Council advocates the exploration and development of mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges,aiming to encourage social forces(especially enterprises)to participate in school-running to realize the optimal allocation of resources with different attributes,and thus improve the social adaptability of personnel training.The purpose of this study is to sort out the current situation of mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges and explore its internal governance through the investigation of case colleges.Compared with foreign countries,the current practice of public-private partnership in school-running inn our country is less,and relevant research is limited.In this study,typical cases of the two major institutions of Higher Vocational Education in America:community colleges(the Metropolitan College)and for-profit higher education institutions(the Adtalem Education Group and the Apollo Education Group)are selected for analysis to expand the international horizon of the research.The findings are as follows:Public and private partnerships in community colleges do not involve property rights.All parties protect the rights and interests of the organizers by signing agreements;community colleges attach great importance to the interaction with enterprises;enterprises are willing to devote major efforts to school-running for talent training.This research also finds that,the construction of the internal organizations of large-scale for-profit educational groups is relatively perfect.The board of directors is the carrier of the internal governance of a group.Therefore,it is necessary to emphasize the scientific composition of directors,including the diversity of their educational background and professional background.Also,independent directors and female directors should account for a certain proportion.In addition,In order to ensure the standardized and orderly operation of these institutions,they have also formulated a series of operational safeguard systems.Unlike foreign public-private partnerships in school-running,the exploration and development of mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges in our country involves property rights.The structure of property rights affects the internal governance structure of Higher Vocational Colleges.However,unlike the reform of mixed ownership in the economic field,the size of property rights is not absolutely positively related to the size of discourse power.The government's share ratio may be smaller,but it has larger voice.Therefore,we can not fully apply the economic logic of property rights to analyze the internal governance of Higher Vocational Colleges.Similar to the reform of mixed ownership in state-owned enterprises,the core of exploring and developing mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges lies in the construction of modern corporate governance structure.Its uniqueness lies in that:as educational organizations,Higher Vocational Colleges need to follow the law of educational development and learn from the modern university system.Its internal governance is influenced by the external environment,such as politics,economy and culture.At the same time,due to the introduction of market mechanism,its internal governance should draw lessons from the rational kernels of modern corporate governance.Based on the perspective of ecosystem theory,this study analyzes the interaction environment of the different levels and different factors at the same level in developing the internal governance of mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges from the perspectives of micro system,meso system,external system and macro system.At the same time,this paper combines stakeholder theory,property rights theory and principal-agent theory to analyze its internal governance and puts forward relevant suggestions:Firstly,formulate targeted laws and regulations and relevant policy guidance documents to explore clearly the legal status and legal personality of the mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges,and to protect the legal rights and interests of the organizers,thus promoting the establishment of property rights trading market;Secondly,improve the internal governance structure of Higher Vocational Colleges.Above all,It's necessary to improve the scientific and rational nature of the board of directors and board of supervisors.Members of the board of directors should have good professional ethics and come from a variety of professional backgrounds such as law,finance,accounting,management and education.According to the stakeholder theory,alumni,teachers,students,intermediaries and other stakeholders should have a place on the board of directors and board of supervisors to express their interest demands and exercise their right of supervision.And the proportion of independent directors and independent supervisors should be increased.In addition,professional principals(deans)shall be appointed by the board of directors,and the system of appointment avoidance shall be implemented.Also the incentive mode of professional principals(deans)should be diversified.What's more,it's better to correctly handle the relationship among the board of directors,professional principals(deans),party committees and board of supervisors,etc.Thirdly,formulate,revise and improve the school charters,the board of directors charters and related rules and regulations with strict implementation,so as to promote Higher Vocational Colleges to achieve school-running according to laws and regulations.In the future,the characteristics of the internal governance of mixed ownership in Higher Vocational Colleges are as follows:the combination of standardization and flexibility;the combination of check and balance mechanism and incentive mechanism;the combination of internal supervision and external supervisionOf course,the exploration of this new school-running system has not yet been conclusive on some issues,such as the issue of independent legal entity,the relationship between organizers and principals(deans),the rationality of property rights structure,and the issue of representatives of teachers and students in board of directors.These problems remain to be further studied by scholars in the follow-up reform of Higher Vocational Colleges.