| Along with the deep adjustment of China’s industrial structure,“ traditional industries” gradually transformed into “service-oriented industries”,“cooperative industries” and “environmentally friendly industries”,the economic aggregate has grown rapidly.However,rapid economic and social development has deepened the adjustment of industrial layout and transformation and upgrading.As a major energy-consuming country,China has to face the contradiction not only between energy and the environment,but also between excess energy demand and insufficient supply of resources.Although the Yangtze River Economic Belt is rich in coal resources,the potential energy consumption and environmental pollution problems in the industrial layout adjustment and transformation and upgrading should not be underestimated.The development of green and low-carbon economy needs to be transformed into total factor energy efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Environmental economics suggests that carbon economy can be similar to carbon energy.On the one hand,it is characterized by low-carbon economy,which includes industrial economic activities and the carbon emission reduction of consumer lifestyles;on the other hand,it is characterized by low-carbon economy,which includes low-carbon technology upgrades and low-carbon product innovations can boost corporate profits.The improvement of industrial agglomeration can guide the flow of innovation factors,build a cross-regional science and technology innovation network,and accelerate low-carbon economization.Enhancing total factor energy efficiency can improve the comprehensive benefits of resource utilization and energy cascade utilization,promote economic at low carbonization,and promote the energy consumption revolution.Exploring the mechanism of industrial agglomeration on total factor energy efficiency has important guiding significance for promoting the Yangtze River Economic Belt to achieve social,economic and ecological balance goals.At present,from the perspective of threshold effect and spatial effect,the factors affecting the total factor energy efficiency of industrial agglomeration are the mainstream research perspectives in academic circles.In particular,the measurement methods by total factor energy efficiency are proposed numberless,and the availability of micro data is continuously improved.Foreign scholars are paying great attention in this field.Despite this,domestic research on the threshold effect and spatial effect of total industrial energy agglomeration and coordinated agglomerationis still lacking.At the same time,the theoretical model for the threshold effect of industrial agglomeration on total factor energy efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Frames,threshold variable selection,threshold effect analysis mostly use foreign classical theories and lack strong logical relevance.The paper aims to supplement and improve the gaps and inadequacies of domestic research.Author at first points out the current situation of energy consumption and coordinated agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the total factor energy efficiency,so as to have a quantitative understanding of the energy consumption,coordinated agglomeration and the total factor energy efficiency distribution of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Then this work focuses on the threshold effect and spatial effect of industrial agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt on total factor energy efficiency.On the one hand,based on the existing research,the theoretical model and analysis framework of the threshold effect of industrial agglomeration on total factor energy efficiency are constructed.On this basis,the mechanism of the impact of thresholds has been discussed including industrial agglomeration,industrial restructuring,factor structure adjustment,marketization reform,government intervention,and economic development level on total factor energy efficiency.Then,based on the results of the threshold effect test,author conducts a more in-depth empirical study on the threshold effect of the single industry and coordinated agglomeration model.On the other hand,the static spatial panel model and the dynamic spatial panel model are used to compare the spatial spillover effects of industrial agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt on total factor energy efficiency.Based on the above analysis,the main conclusions have been drawn:(1)The consumption of various energy types in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has maintained a growth trend,and there are significant differences in energy consumption structures between regions.The research in Chapter 4 of this paper shows that the consumption of various energy types in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is generally on the rise.The energy consumption of the industry is mainly coal and oil,and the consumption of natural gas is growing rapidly.The regional differences in the energy consumption structure of the secondary industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are significant,while the regional differences in the energy consumption structure of the tertiary industry are not significant.The overallenergy intensity of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has continued to decline,and the energy intensity of the 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has great regional differences.(2)The trend of the concentration of secondary industry agglomeration and coordinated agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is consistent,and regional differences are significant.After 2009,the level of coordinated agglomeration is much higher than that of the secondary and tertiary industries.With the improvement of the level of single industry agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the secondary industry and the associated tertiary industry continue to form new industrial chains and business chains under market demand,which has led to a rapid increase in the level of coordinated agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Before 2009,the concentration of the secondary industry in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was generally high,with great comparative advantages and strong competitiveness.After 2012,this status was gradually replaced by the middle reaches.(3)The level of total factor energy efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has fluctuated and declined,and there are significant differences between regions,but the difference is shrinking.In Chapter 5,based on provincial panel data,the total factor energy efficiency in different regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was measured.It was found that the average annual energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was negative,and the overall level showed a downward trend.The regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have a large difference in the total factor energy efficiency,and the difference between the upper,middle and lower reaches is significant.Relatively in the upper and middle reaches of the lower reaches,the provinces entered the post-industrialization stage earlier,and the industrial structure gradually leaned toward low-energy and low-pollution industries.At the same time,the proportion of coal consumption in the downstream areas to the total energy consumption was relatively low,which promotes its total factor energy efficiency to remain above one.In the period from 1997 to 2016,the convergence of total factor energy efficiency in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is the main reason for the widening of regional differences in the overall energy efficiency of the entire Yangtze River Economic Belt.(4)There is a threshold effect on the impact of industrial agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt on total factor energy efficiency.The sixth chapter ofthe paper empirically studies the threshold effect of the single industry and coordinated agglomeration model.The results show that the impact of industrial agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt on total factor energy efficiency is nonlinear.Firstly,whether it is the concentration of the secondary industry or the concentration of the tertiary industry,the concentration of a single industry has a certain inhibitory effect on the improvement of total factor energy efficiency.This effect is particularly evident in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.When the threshold is exceeded,a single industrial agglomeration can effectively promote the improvement of local total factor energy efficiency.Secondly,the impact of coordinated agglomeration on total factor energy efficiency will change with the increase of the level of synergy.This change in the downstream areas of Yangtze River Economic Belt is very obvious.When the level of coordinated agglomeration in the downstream areas exceeds the threshold,coordinated agglomeration will promote the improvement of local total factor energy efficiency.Thirdly,the scientific research input of the Yangtze River Economic Zone can effectively promote the increasing of local total factor energy efficiency which indicates whether local industrial agglomeration can promote the improvement of total factor energy efficiency depends on technological progress and technological innovation.Fourthly,the impact of government intervention on local total factor energy efficiency cannot be said.Although the higher the degree of local government intervention in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is not conducive to the improvement of local total factor energy efficiency,when the degree of government intervention exceeds the threshold,industrial agglomeration can effectively promote the efficiency of total factor energy.Fifthly,the level of opening up will be inhibited.The Yangtze River Economic Belt has improved the efficiency of total factor energy,but with the increase of the level of opening up to the outside world,the negative impact of single industry agglomeration on the total factor energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt will gradually decrease,while the coordinated agglomeration of the threshold of opening to the outside world will be reversed.It will promote the improvement of the total factor energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.(5)There is a spatial spillover effect on the impact of industrial agglomeration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt on total factor energy efficiency.Chapter 7 of the paper uses static space panel model and dynamic space panel model to empirically examine the spatial effects of industrial agglomeration on total factor energyefficiency.The results show that the single industry cluster in the Yangtze River economic belt has obvious local total factor energy efficiency.The local effect and threshold effect have a threshold effect on the total factor energy efficiency in neighboring regions.As the level of agglomeration increases,the spatial agglomeration effect of industrial agglomeration on neighboring regions becomes more and more obvious;The coordinated agglomeration of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has local effects and threshold effects on local total factor energy efficiency.The coordinated agglomeration will inhibit the improvement of local total factor energy efficiency within a certain range.But after a certain degree of concentration,the coordinated agglomeration gathering will promote the local total factor energy efficiency.The adjustment of consumption structure,the increase of scientific research investment and the improvement of economic development level can promote the improvement of local total factor energy efficiency,and the increase of human capital investment can also effectively promote the improvement of total factor energy efficiency in neighboring regions.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes the following policy recommendations on how to promote the social,economic and ecological balance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt:Firstly,optimize the industrial agglomeration of the Yangtze River Economic Belt to the advanced stage,and build a green energy industry cluster.The first is to improve the quality of a single industry agglomeration;the second is to strengthen the degree of coordinated agglomeration;the third is to adhere to regional coordinated development.Secondly,implement the innovation-driven development strategy,give full play to the potential of science and technology,and create a favorable environment for reducing energy consumption and improving the all-factor energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The first is to strengthen technological progress and deepen technological innovation;the second is to improve government functions and promote institutional innovation.Thirdly,give play to the role of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in opening up to the outside world and actively cultivate the development of open industries.Firstly,adhere to opening up to the outside world and increase investment in clean energy research;secondly,improve the industrial layout and strengthen internal and external cooperation. |
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