The Impact Of High-speed Rail On Urban Total Factor Productivity

High-speed railway has been favored by more and more countries since its opening because of its fast speed and large traffic volume,and has had a profound impact on the economic growth of the region where it is located.In recent years,China’s high-speed railway has grown from zero to the country with the longest high-speed rail service in the world,achieving rapid development.With the development of high-speed railway,its impact on China’s economic growth is increasing.However,there are still many disputes over how much impact high-speed railway has on economic growth and whether it can improve the operation efficiency of the economy and society.As an important index to measure the input-output effect of various factors of production,TFP can scientifically evaluate and analyze the impact of the construction and development of high-speed railway on the economic efficiency of cities and regions along the line,providing new theoretical evidence for the current research on high-speed railway and promoting the high-quality development of China’s economy.After combing the domestic and foreign related research,found that the current study of China’s high-speed rail impact on economic growth conclusion differences,even some opposite result,academia for the current high iron and the relationship between regional economy still exist different understanding,lack for high-speed consensus with the theory of the internal relationship between total factor productivity,for China’s high-speed rail between the total factor productivity and lack of empirical research,more the lack of the quantitative evidence for the nearby city of total factor productivity,unable to support high-speed next scientific planning and reasonable operation.At the same time,through the analysis of China’s high-speed railway development process and status quo,found that there is a certain imbalance in the development of the situation;By studying the trend of high-speed railway and total factor productivity,we get the preliminary conclusion that they are related.Based on the new economic geography theory,agglomeration economy theory and spatial metrology theory,this paper explains the mechanism of high-speed railway’s effect on total factor productivity,and analyzes two different impact paths:first,high-speed railway affects urban total factor productivity by changing the flow of capital and population;The second is to influence the total factor productivity of the city by changing the regional innovation activities.At the same time,China’s overall is still in the new economic geography in the first half of the "bell curve",although the high iron makes traffic to reduce costs,but high iron and the feedback from the total factor productivity improved degree of economic agglomeration mechanism makes the large and medium-sized cities,and small cities of economic activity around the efficiency gap is more and more big,the affected the coordinated development of regional economy in our country.For further research of high-speed railway on urban total factor productivity of the actual effect,this paper constructed the space doberman model from 2004 to 2017 a total of 283 panel data of China’s regional above city has carried on the empirical analysis,found China’s high-speed rail traffic to the city’s total factor productivity and had no significant effect,but significant spillover effects on the surrounding urban space is negative,but from the numerical size this negative effect is smaller.This may be due to the formation of a new urban center by high-speed railway,which leads to urban outward expansion and multi-centralization,which is not conducive to the agglomeration effect of the city,thus reducing the total factor productivity of the city.In order to verify the comprehensiveness of the results,this paper also divided the data according to different regions in the east,the middle and the west,and carried out a grouping empirical analysis.It is found that high-speed railway has different impacts on the total factor productivity of cities in eastern,central and western regions.High-speed railway in eastern regions has no significant impact on the local and surrounding areas.High-speed railway in central China has a significant negative impact on local TFP,but has no significant impact on surrounding cities.High-speed railway in western China has no significant effect on local TFP,but has significant positive spillover effect on surrounding cities.This shows that China’s high-speed railway has mainly improved the regional advantages of large and medium-sized cities,while the conditions of small surrounding cities are not perfect enough,which leads to the agglomeration of economic activities to large and medium-sized cities and reduces the total factor productivity of surrounding cities.However,for the western region with relatively backward transportation infrastructure,high-speed railway is conducive to forming regional agglomeration effect and improving total factor productivity.In addition,through the mediation effect test,this paper verified the effect mechanism of high-speed railway on total factor productivity through population density and economic density.Based on the above research,this paper puts forward the following policy Suggestions: first,scientifically plan the construction scale and train number of high-speed railway in various regions.On the one hand,we should avoid blind construction of high-speed railway,which leads to the expansion of inefficient cities;on the other hand,we should appropriately balance the construction scale and number of trains of high-speed railway according to the characteristics of backward cities,and give full play to the economic promotion of high-speed railway in the regions along the line.Second,we will improve supporting facilities in small and medium-sized cities.We need to improve government governance,create a sound business environment,leverage the role of high-speed rail as a driving force,give full play to its late-mover advantage,and consolidate the foundation for industrial transfer in developed regions.The third is to cultivate the Midwest metropolitan area with the help of high-speed rail.The central region should clearly define the development characteristics of each city in the high-speed railway network,develop the advantageous industries in a reasonable and orderly manner,and avoid the spreading effect of high-speed railway.The western region should gradually absorb and accelerate the development of industrial clusters and population agglomeration,enlarge the advantages of urban characteristics,and form city clusters with core competitiveness.