Study On Green Technology Investment In Supply Chain Based On Government Intervention And Enterprise Cooperation

Green supply chain management requires that the design,procurement,production,distribution,use and reuse of products follow environmentally friendly principles,aiming to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution in all links of the supply chain,which attracted many attentions from business community and academia.The practice of green supply chain management in some large enterprises shows that green technology investment in supply chain can enhance the public image,improve the competitiveness of enterprises,and in the long run,it can save costs and obtain economic benefits.However,green technology investment in supply chain often needs to spend a lot of money,and it is difficult to achieve results in the short term,easy to lose price-sensitive customers,which result in a decline in profits.The existence of these shortcomings discourages many enterprises from investing in green technology in the supply chain.In order to study the measures to encourage enterprises to expand green technology investment in supply chain and improve investment efficiency,this paper constructs two kinds of models from the perspective of government intervention and enterprise cooperation,which are the equilibrium model of green supply chain network under the influence of government policy and the multi-stage Stackelberg game model with enterprise cooperation.Combined with numerical examples,this paper analyzes the impact of government policies such as subsidies,Cap and trade,trade protectionism and horizontal and vertical cooperation between supply chain node enterprises on the interests of supply chain members and the whole from the economic,environmental and social perspectives.According to the results of the model analysis and the existing policies of the country,further countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.The main contents can be divided into four parts as follows:(1)Analyzes the promotion effect of green product subsidy policy on technology investment and the influence on the interests of all parties in the supply chain networks.Therefore,a closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium model with government subsidies for green products is established.In the model,both manufacturers and retailers have green technology investment,and the government subsidizes both manufacturers and retailers according to a certain proportion of the product of product green degree and product output.The model also considers the recycling and remanufacturing of waste products.By using Nash equilibrium,variational inequality and complementarity theory,the conditions of variational inequality for supply chain network to reach equilibrium are obtained.The projection contraction algorithm is used to solve the variational inequality.And further analyze the impact of government subsidies,corporate competition,and corporate power asymmetry on the interests of consumers,companies and society as a whole.The conclusions are as follows: government subsidies can effectively stimulate enterprises to invest in green technology,improve enterprise profits and social welfare;manufacturers’ competition will weaken the incentive effect of government subsidies,reduce product prices,improve retailers’ profits and consumer welfare;Manufacturers with cost advantages will increase investment in green technology,obtain more profits,and improve the overall technical level of the supply chain.(2)Analyzes the effect of the cap control of emission right under the Cap and Trade policy on the promotion of green technology investment and the impact on the interests of all parties in the supply chain networks.Therefore,a multi-period supply chain network equilibrium model with green technology investment under the Cap and Trade policy is established.The model considers the multi-stage green technology investment of manufacturers to reflect the cumulative effect of technology,and the product production and pollution emission of manufacturers are affected by the Cap and trade policy.A supply chain network model is established by using Nash equilibrium,variational inequality and complementarity theory.Combined with numerical examples,the Euler algorithm is used to solve the variational inequality conditions for the network to reach equilibrium.The effects of quota control,consumer environmental preference and firm competition on the efficiency of technology investment and the interests of network members and society as a whole are analyzed.The following conclusions are drawn: the continuous enhancement of consumers’ green preference can effectively encourage enterprises to increase investment in green technology,produce more green products and gain more profits;The continuous reduction of government pollution quota can effectively encourage enterprises to increase investment in green technology and provide more green products,and promote enterprises to participate more in the marketization trading of pollution emission rights,but the profit level of enterprises decreases.the intensification of enterprise competition will encourage enterprises to participate more in the marketization trading of pollution emission rights,and the difference of green technology level among enterprises will be more serious.(3)Analyzes the effects of tariffs,technology investment subsidies,technology diffusion control on the promotion or restriction of technology investment and the impact on the interests of supply chain network members.Therefore,a multi-period international supply chain network equilibrium model under technology diffusion and trade protectionism is established.In the model,there are cross-border product transactions between manufacturers and demand markets in different countries.Manufacturers are responsible for the production and circulation of products,and make multi-period technology investment,accompanied by the accumulation and diffusion of technology.The government adopts trade protectionism,which is manifested in imposing tariffs on imported products,subsidizing the technology investment of domestic enterprises,and controlling technology diffusion.Through the establishment of an international supply chain network equilibrium model,combined with numerical examples,the impact of trade protectionism on the efficiency of technological investment and the interests of consumers,enterprises and whole society are analyzed from the economic and environmental perspectives.The following conclusions are drawn: Under the condition that the costs of enterprises in the two countries are symmetrical and the two countries adopt peer to peer strategies,the increase in tariff growth will be beneficial to consumers,but not to enterprises and society as a whole;Appropriate technology subsidies are beneficial to consumers,enterprises and the society as a whole,and can effectively promote the development of technology level,while excessive technology subsidies will have a negative impact on social welfare.Restraining technology diffusion will have a negative impact on consumers,enterprises and the whole society,and is not conducive to the development of technology level.(4)The effects of supply chain horizontal cooperation and vertical cooperation on green technology investment efficiency and the interests of all parties in supply chain are analyzed and compared.Therefore,a Stackelberg game model of supply chain with horizontal and vertical cooperation is established.The supply chain structure includes two manufacturers and one retailer.The manufacturers have green technology investment and the retailer has marketing effort.Manufacturers produce pollutants in the production process,and their product production and pollution emissions are affected by the Cap and trade policy.Through the reverse induction method,a three-stage Stackelberg game model under the four decision-making modes of decentralized decision-making,green technology Cartel,marketing cost-revenue sharing,and comprehensive cooperation is obtained.Combined with numerical examples,the output,price,income,profit,consumer surplus,social welfare,pollution emission and technical level of the four decision-making modes are analyzed and compared.The following conclusions are drawn: within a certain threshold range of the apportionment ratio,all parties have the highest profit under the marketing cost-revenue apportionment model.This form of vertical cooperation is more attractive to all parties than the horizontal cooperation of green technology Cartel;Compared with decentralized decision-making,green technology Carter will be detrimental to retailers,but the comprehensive cooperation established on this basis will improve the interest of retailer;The vertical cooperation between the upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain with cost-revenue apportionment model should be encouraged,no matter from the minimum total pollution emission,the maximum social welfare,the maximum product supply and the highest product greenness.Combined with the analysis results of the above models and the existing measures to promote green technology investment in supply chain,countermeasures and suggestions for the development of green supply chain are put forward from four aspects: consumption guidance,technology subsidies,pollution emission control and green technology development.In a word,through game analysis,model construction and other methods to establish the supply chain network equilibrium model and multi-stage Stackelberg game model,combined with numerical simulation,this paper analyzes the positive role of government policies and enterprise cooperation in promoting enterprises’ green technology investment and improving investment efficiency,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions combined with model analysis and practice.In theory,it enriches the relevant equilibrium theory and contract theory from the impact of government policies and enterprise cooperation on the green technology investment.In practice,it provides reference and basis for government decision-makers and enterprise managers to formulate measures to promote the development of green supply chain.