On Schmidt's Interpretation Of Marx's View Of Nature

Schmidt tried to interpret Marx's philosophy as a whole by explaining Marx's view of nature.The philosophical thoughts such as "Practical Criticism Principle","Utopia" and "Critique of Political Economy ",which were drawn from the early Western Marxism and the first-generation Frankfurt School respectively,have become the theoretical sources of Schmidt's historical materialism and"non-onto logical" philosophy standpoint in interpreting Marx's view of nature.Schmidt interpreted the basic attributes of Marx's natural concept and the core content of Marx's view of nature,which are shown by the social historicity of nature and reciprocal mediation between nature and society.This is Schmidt's main contribution to Marx's view of nature.With the practical and historical principles of historical materialism,Schmidt revealed the inheritance,criticism,and transcendence of Marx's view of nature on Hegel and Feuerbach's view of nature.It also explains the social and historical attributes of Marx's natural concept in the discussion of related issues such as natural concepts,the relationship between natural history and human history,and natural epistemology.Schmidt opposed Lukacs's claim that "nature is a category of society" and the Second International separation of Marx's view of nature and history."Capital" and its "Manuscript" are the mainly texts.Schmidt believed that the theory of material exchange between man and nature,as interpreted by Marx in the Labor Value Theory and the Theory of Surplus Value,inherently contains the basic principles of historical materialism such as practicality and historicity.And then the core content of Marx's view of nature is defined as a reciprocal mediation between nature and society,following the interpretation logic of "media-practice-labor".Schmidt's interpretation ignores the intermediary position between science and technology and industry,ignores the intermediary role of nature as an intrinsic part of the capital logic to society,and ignores the reproduction significance of the relationship between man and nature and people.The most significant limitation of Schmidt's understanding of Marx's view of nature is Schmidt's criticism of Engels's dialectics of nature and his opposite interpretation of Engels' dialectics of nature and Marx's view of nature.Schmidt believes that Engels' view of nature is abstract,and natural dialectics only has the nature of anterior dialectics.This misreading lies in Schmidt' s failure to fully understand the essence of Marxist practical materialism.He did not find that Engels'study of natural dialectics has always been rooted in the historical development of natural sciences and the fact of social reality.In fact,Engels' "Natural Dialectics",together with Marx' s "Capital Theory" and the previous "German Ideology"and other texts jointly explained the unified Marxist view of nature.Schmidt' s interpretation of Marx's view of nature deeply influenced the later Western Marxism and influenced contemporary Ecological Marxism and Organic Marxism's view of nature.