Les mecanismes de modulation de la douleur et le systeme nerveux autonome chez des personnes en bonne sante et chez des femmes souffrant de fibromyalgie

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a pain inhibitory mechanism characterized by a decrease in pain caused by very intense pain applied on a remote body area. The conditioning stimulus used to trigger CPM causes intense pain, but also important cardiovascular responses. Different cortical and brain stem areas are involved in CPM. Moreover, most of these structures are also implicated in regulation of cardiovascular activity by the autonomic nervous system. Many studies reported reduced CPM effectiveness in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Reduced autonomic cardiovascular responses have also been reported in this population. Our objective was to study the relationships between CPM and cardiovascular responses to pain in healthy women and women suffering from fibromyalgia. CPM was evaluated by' comparing pain perception during a thermic stimulation done before and after a conditioning stimulus. The conditioning stimulus consisted in immersing the arm in a very cold water bath. Cardiovascular activity was monitored at rest and during the conditioning stimulus. A positive correlation between CPM effectiveness and the increase in blood pressure during the conditioning stimulus was found in healthy individuals (n=26) in a first research project. In a second research project, we observed reduced CPM effectiveness in women suffering from FM (n=22) compared to healthy women (n=25). We also found that the increase in blood pressure during the cold water immersion was weaker in women suffering from FM. Moreover, the increase in blood pressure during the conditioning stimulus was also related to CPM effectiveness in women suffering from FM. Weaker cardiovascular responses during conditioning stimulus could be responsible for CPM dysfunction in FM. These results increase our understanding of the interactions between autonomic regulation of cardiovascular activity and pain inhibitory mechanisms. Furthermore, these results suggest that reduced cardiovascular responses to pain could play an important role in FM pathophysiology.;Key words: pain, conditioned pain modulation, fibromyalgia, blood pressure, cardiovascular.