Achieving near-optimal MIMO capacity in a rank-deficient LOS environment

In the field of wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, remarkable capacity enhancements may be achieved in certain environments relative to single-antenna systems. In a non-line of sight (NLOS) environment with rich multipath, the capacity potential is typically very good, but in a line of sight (LOS) environment with a high Rician K-factor, the capacity improvement may be severely limited or almost disappear. The objective of the research described in this dissertation has been to develop a more thorough understanding of the capacity limitations of MIMO in a LOS environment and explore methods to improve that capacity. It is known that for a LOS link with a given range, an optimal antenna configuration, which usually involves large antenna spacings, can be computed to maximize the capacity. A method is here proposed for achieving near-maximum MIMO capacity in LOS environments with suboptimal array configurations. Suboptimal arrays may include small antenna spacings and/or arrays rotated off normal. The method employs single-antenna full-duplex, amplify-and-forward relays, otherwise known as "wireless repeaters." We have designated this concept repeater-assisted capacity enhancement (RACE) for MIMO. Potential applications include tower-mounted or building-top cellular backhaul and high-speed wireless bridge links (explored in Chapter 5) and ground-to-air sensor network backhaul links and base-to-mobile links in a cellular configuration (explored in Chapter 7).;We have analyzed this concept in simulation for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint links and have found the following critical parameters for system design and deployment: orientation, antenna spacing, and antenna patterns of the transmit (TX)/receive (RX) MIMO arrays; and position, noise figure, TX/RX isolation, and antenna patterns associated with the repeater(s). Simulation results for an nRxnT MIMO link demonstrate nearly a factor of n = min{nR,nT} improvement in capacity relative to a single-input single-output (SISO) link using n - 1optimally placed wireless repeaters supporting the link.;Other portions of analysis presented include the development of a determinant-based metric for capacity (D) and an exploration of upper and lower bounds of capacity as a function of D. The position of repeaters is analyzed theoretically and a metric introduced based on D intended to quickly and intuitively determine optimal positions for repeaters assisting a given MIMO link based on TX/RX node steering vectors.