| New Directions, Grove Press, and George Braziller Inc. were exemplary members of the permanent innovative press in the years between 1945 and 1975. Positioned between the small presses and the large corporate houses, the permanent innovative press balanced its cultural mission with the demands that the institutional form of the for-profit business placed on the cultural producer. The publishers and editors of these companies were self-conscious about the conflict between commercial and cultural values. They attempted to dedicate themselves to cultural values, as they understood them, while also reaching expanding book markets with new commercial techniques. They promoted cosmopolitanism, artistic innovation, the elevation of modernist art, and the popularization of academic scholarship through their work in reprint and paperback publishing, book clubs, journals and anthologies, translation, and book series. |
