| The reform of the Contractual Management on Household Basis has fundamentally established the independent economic status of the farmer's household production and management,which has greatly stimulated the production enthusiasm of the majority of farmers;But it is difficult for the decentralized peasant household small production to deal with the fierce market competition under the socialized production alone.As a result,with the deepening of Chinese agricultural marketization,all kinds of farmers' professional cooperatives connected to thousands of families come into being under the support of the government.Since the formal promulgation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Specialized Farmers Cooperatives(Hereinafter referred to as the Cooperative Law)in 2007,under the dual driving effect of the Government's high attention and the urgent needs of the peasants,all kinds of specialized farmers cooperatives have gradually grown into the new management subjects and the backbone of the modern agriculture,having obtained rapid development;They play an important role in perfecting the rural basic management system,constructing the modern agricultural industrial system,cultivating new-type farmers and building new socialist countryside.However,the rapid development of the specialized farmers cooperatives has also exposed many potential problems: Firstly,there are contradictions between the Cooperative Law and the new positioning that the reality cooperatives are continually adapting to the development of the market economy,even a handful of the cooperatives that operate well in the functioning of the economic cooperation may find it difficult to fully implement the statutes of the provisions of the Cooperative Law;Secondly,the cooperative function of adapting to the market reform and the continuous development of science and technology in the new era is poor,so far as to most cooperatives are "Nominal" and are difficult to deal with;Thirdly,the present development of the cooperatives is characterized by that a few core members(Large-scale farmers)with more abundant production factors,under the support of the government preferential policies,are in charge of establishing the cooperatives: First,the problem that the actual participation degree and the benefit rate of the ordinary members(Small-scale farmers)are both low,the second is the contradiction between the law and the policy,which causes the understanding difference and the contradiction in the benefit game among the members of the society,even the appearance of the conflict between the large-scale farmer and the small-scale farmer,which causes the cooperatives are "Nominal ".The existence of these problems in the reality has directly influenced the understanding of the academic circle to Chinese current farmers' professional cooperative,and has formed two diametrically opposite views: One considers that "The large-scale farmer absorbs the small-scale farmer",and the small-scale farmer's main position is weakened,and the rights and interests are seriously damage.This development situation not only violates the government's original attention to promote the development of the cooperatives,it also affects the satisfaction of the majority of the small-scale farmers to the cooperative support policy and the effective realization of the cooperative function;The other thinks "The small-scale farmer relies on the large-scale farmer",that is,the small-scale farmer's "Hitchhiking" behavior caused by the collective action dilemma is generally existing inside our country cooperatives,resulting in the efficiency-lacking of the collective action,and seriously restricting the cooperative development.Undoubtedly,as far as the academic circle is concerned,the scholars are sure to take into account the interests of both the large-scale farmer and the small-scale farmer and based on the common development.However,the current understanding of the specialized farmers cooperatives in academia is divided,and it seems that the intuitive judgment is weight over rational analysis.In particular,whether it is "The large-scale farmer to absorb the small-scale farmer on its strong advantage",or "The small-scale farmer to rely on the large-scale farmer on hitchhiking behavior",even if they are both truths,but if looking at both sides based on the market economy and its market body,it can only be a problem or phenomenon of a certain node in the development of a game of the both sides.If based on the clear positioning that the specialized farmers cooperatives is the market management main body rather than the mutual aid nature organization,the nature of the cooperatives also shifts from the mutually beneficial coexistence to the mutual benefit and altogether wins;Then,the guiding ideology of the cooperatives should not be simply "Helping the weaker and the smaller",but should take into account the interests of the large-scale farmer and the small-scale farmer,through " The big helping the small ","Helping the stronger and the weaker" to achieve the common prosperity and common development;Otherwise,the both parties of the cooperatives will lose the basis and the possibility of cooperation,and the cooperation will not survive.Therefore,it is not only possible and feasible,but also is inevitable for the cooperatives to achieve a common win and the development of the whole society through " The big helping the small ".Based on the above understanding,the research perspective of this paper is based on the new positioning of the market economy and cooperatives as the main body of market economy,which is closely linked with the basic characteristics and new perspectives of the practical development of farmers' professional cooperatives " The big helping the small ",organically combining the interests between the large famer and the small farmer with the market economy and its biological Symbiosis theory,expanding and deepens the research of the heterogeneous farmer specialized cooperatives in our country,and forms the core viewpoint of "Driving the small farmer by the large farmer" in this paper.The full text is supported by 726 effective questionnaires of 68 farmers ' professional cooperatives in Jiangxi Province and the interview survey of their directors and so on,and based on the cross and application of the multidisciplinary theory,the qualitative and quantitative analysis on the effective realization of the development of " The big helping the small " professional cooperatives are carried out,the cooperative symbiosis,mutual benefit and common win between the large-scale farmer and the small-scale farmer under the socialist market economic system is expounded,and the conclusion that " The big helping the small " is the real choice for the development of farmers ' professional cooperatives is drawn.The full text consists of seven chapters,including the introduction,concept definition,theory support,historical development,benefit mechanism,service function,countermeasure suggestion and conclusion,are as follows:First,review and comb the literature at home and abroad.Through the literature review of the cause types and functions of the cooperatives,the behavior decision of the members,the development mode of the farmers' professional cooperatives and its restrictive factors,the heterogeneity of the members and their governance,the relationship between the large-scale famer and the small-scale famer,and so on,this paper discovers the insufficiency of the existed researches,finding out the cut-in point of this paper,and further determines the core point of view,that is," The big helping the small ".Second,the relevant concepts and theoretical basis.This paper expounds and defines the specialized farmers cooperatives,agricultural cooperatives,specialized farmers cooperatives,the large-scale famer and the small-scale famer,and " The big helping the small ",among them,when explaining the concept of specialized farmers cooperatives,it clearly points out that the positioning of the specialized farmers cooperatives is the market management subject rather than the mutual aid nature organization.Then,it briefly reviews the basic theories,including the theory of the peasant differentiation,principal-agent theory,collective action theory and symbiosis theory,and points out the linkage between the theories and the related problems of the cooperatives in this research.Third,reviewing the development course of Chinese peasant cooperative economic organization before and after the founding of New China,the paper summarizes the experiences and lessons from different stages,and obtains the enlightenment guiding the development of current cooperatives: " The big helping the small" is the nature return of the cooperatives,on the basis of adhering to the common principle of cooperatives,there is necessary to fully combine the present situation of our country and the actual situation of rural areas flexibly.Fourth,the construction of the mechanism of the benefit linkage between the large-scale famer and the small-scale farmer.Firstly,this paper expounds the connotation and composition of the mechanism of the interest linkage among the heterogeneous members,suming up the ways of the interest linkage among the heterogeneous members,and points out that the closer the interest linkage mechanism between the large famer and the small farmer is,the better the realization of " The big helping the small " will be.On this basis,combined with the questionnaire data,the paper empirically analyzes the factors influencing the close degree of the interest linkage between the small-scale farmer and the large-scale farmer in the cooperatives.Fifth,the construction of the cooperative carrier service function.Based on the questionnaire survey data,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model are used.Based on the view of the small-scale farmer,this paper evaluates and analyses the functional demands and satisfaction of the cooperatives,and combines with the interview survey on the large famer,to better achieve the cooperatives' development goal of “The big helping the small" through the development and improvement of the cooperative service function construction.Sixth,the countermeasures and suggestions for the cooperatives' “The big helping the small " development.On the basis of the theoretical and empirical analysis,it is pointed out that to realize the cooperatives' “The big helping the small " development,it is necessary to construct a reasonable benefit linkage mechanism between the large-scale famer and the small-scale famer,to strengthen and expand the pertinence construction of the service function of the cooperatives,and adjust and optimize the government's cooperative support policy.Seventh,sum up the main findings of this paper,pointing out the shortcomings of the study and put forward the problems which need to be further studied in the future. |
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