| Farmers'specialized cooperatives experienced 10 years of rapid development; there is no out of the initial developmental stage, faced with a few heavy confusions. Therefore, we need to compare the farmers'specialized cooperatives and agricultural production cooperatives, based on specialized research of the professional farmers'cooperatives.Engels argued that agricultural cooperatives unite small farmers together so that they can under the conditions of mass production of capitalism to survive and develop; the development of agricultural cooperatives follows this principle that is "through the demonstration and to provide social assistance". Lenin believed that after the implementation of the food tax the agricultural cooperatives can unite farmers'small economies to a socialist large-scale production, if people wish to encourage large numbers of farmers to join into agricultural cooperatives on a voluntary basis, they first need to do cultural work well. Engels, Lenin's idea of agricultural cooperatives provides a good insight on current practice of China's farmers'professional cooperatives. From 1951 to 1957, the agricultural production cooperative organizations in China's agricultural co-operative movement had experienced evolution of organization from mutual aid groups to the primary cooperatives, to the advanced form of cooperatives. The rationality of developing agricultural production cooperative organizations are mainly in three aspects: achieving positive results at the early time, there is an objective necessity, the evolution of system from mutual aid teams to the primary cooperatives, to advanced form of cooperatives is inherently reasonable. The limitation is reflected in three aspects: Beyond the prevailing level of productivity in pursuit of speed and scale, the compliance of the principle of voluntary is not enough consistent, ignoring the rationality of management of the individual farmer.From 1994 to the late 90s is the initial stage of Chinese farmers'specialized cooperatives, from 2000 to date, which can be said that is the guidance and acceleration stage of our farmers'specialized cooperatives. The preconditions for generation and development of Farmers'specialized cooperatives are: the socialist market economic system, the commercialization level of agricultural production is relatively high, a relatively high degree of regional specialization, as well as all kinds of support from outside. The forms of cooperation of Current farmers'specialized cooperatives are mainly funded cooperation and membership-based cooperation. The difference between Farmers'specialized cooperatives and agricultural production cooperatives are mainly reflected in three aspects: the background, the organizer and the core institutional arrangements.The basic features of China's "Farmers'specialized Cooperatives Act" are: low coverage, registration threshold is low; the debt liability is small, the unity of labor income and capital gains, the subject self-regulatory to harmonize with the law restrict. To improve the norms of farmers'specialized cooperatives: limit the minimum capital, effectively strengthen the external supervision and do co-operative education well. The system standards of France's agricultural cooperatives are mainly embodied in three aspects: their legal status, operational mechanism, the Government's supervision and management of cooperatives. The system standards of U.S. farmers'new generation cooperatives are mainly embodied in three areas: their production, ownership and management. Farmers'specialized cooperatives as the correct choice to develop the rural economy in China is embodied in three aspects: is to further improve the operating system of China's rural areas, as the business organization of modern agriculture to lead the peasants to participate in market competition, and as the organizational foundation for promoting the rural areas to build a harmonious society. |
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