Reduction And Efficiency Of Chemical Fertilizer Under The Background Of Agricultural Green Development In China

China‘s grain output depends heavily on chemical fertilizers.In recent years,the contradiction between the irrational application of chemical fertilizer and the green development of agriculture is becoming more and more prominent in China,in particuliar:?1?the application amount and intensity of fertilizers are increasing,while the grain output of unit chemical fertilizer is decreasing.In addition,agricultural production solely relies on increasing chemical fertilizer to ensure grain yield.?2?The fertilization structure is unbalanced,and especially the application of organic fertilizer is limited.In the countryside the percentage of utilized organic fertilizer nutrients among the total used amount of fertilizers,which mainly consists of swine manure and straw,is low.?3?Low chemical fertilizer utilization due to the unbalanced fertilizing structure and unreasonable fertilization methods results in rise of production costs and serious pollutions to water,soil and atmosphere.Furthermore,overused chemical fertilizers negatively influence the quality of agricultural products.Therefore,reducing chemical fertilizer use and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizer application in agricultural production have great practical significance to promote agricultural green development and to support the implement of the rural rejuvenation strategy.This article regards the use of fertilizer of food crops farmers as the research object,takes environmental economics and ecological economics for theoretical guidance,and sampling survey data as supporting evidence.The rational mechanism of fertilization is analyzed at a micro level.The paper‘s content and conclusions are as follows:First,the paper studies the technical efficiency of chemical fertilizers for farmers.Based on the Stochastic Frontier Analysis and production technology efficiency,this paper deduces and calculates technical efficiency of chemical fertilizers.The results show that the average technical efficiency of chemical fertilizers used by famers to produce corn is only 0.5541.In addition,the household‘s educational level,participation in fertilization technical training,the area for corn planting and organic fertilizer usage have a significant positive influence on technical efficiency of chemical fertilizers.In contrast,the decreasing number of agricultural labor force and the fragmentation of land have a significant negative effect on chemical fertilizer efficiency.Second,this paper studies the influencing factors of farmers‘rational fertilization behavior.This part uses the Structural Equation Model to analyze the factors which affect farmers‘fertilization behavior.The analysis result shows that the negative perception of over chemical fertilizing has a significant direct impact on the organic fertilizer effects awareness,and it has a significant indirect impact on the behavior of organic fertilizer application.Improved fertilizing skills and awareness of organic fertilizer application effects have a prominent influence on utilizing farmyard manure and commercial organic fertilizer.Additionally,improving the farmers‘understanding of agricultural ecological protection policy is beneficial to promote reasonable use of chemical fertilizers.Third,this paper studies the effect of fertilizer technical training on chemical fertilizer reduction for farmers.This part adopts the Propensity Score Matching method to analyze empirically,the conclusion is that attending fertilization technology training can reduce the chemical fertilizer use of wheat production by 1.865 kg/mu and reduce the chemical fertilizer intensity by 6.83%.Furthermore,it also can reduce the chemical fertilizer use of corn by 4.365 kg/mu and reduce the chemical fertilizer intensity by 16.36%.Fourth,the article analyzes the effect of the partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with biogas manure.Results show that:?1?the application of biogas manure could significantly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and nitrogen chemical fertilizer in wheat and corn.?2?The difference of wheat yield in different biogas manure levels was significant,and the difference of maize yield was not significant at different biogas manure levels,and the application of biogas manure was helpful to grain yield.?3?The amount of biogas manure and soil fertility improvement are related significantly.The larger the amount of biogas manure is used,the more obvious soil fertility is improved in the current use of biogas manure.Fifth,the study on the overall effect of fertilizer utilization of livestock manure in large-scale livestock farms.According to a typical case analysis method,the result is shown that utilization in livestock manure as fertilizer can reduce chemical fertilizer intensity of plant wheat,corn and vegetables by 45.32%,49.62%,and 65.05%,and can reduce CO₂ emissions by 254t and COD emissions by 1899t.Moreover,the utilization can increase income for good quality agricultural products by 1.0273 million yuan,and farmers can save fuel cost of 0.738 million yuan.According to the research above,this paper provides various policy suggestions.First,the local resources should be effectively utilized to raise the overall percentage of farming waste usage as fertilizer.Second,the thought process of treating farming waste should be changed.In addition,high profit pull system manufacturing should be promoted.Third,the agricultural technology promotion system should be of full use and timely publicize the dangers of excessive fertilization and the positive effects of organic fertilizers.Additionally,accurate fertilization formula should be produced based on the soil test data and the crop type.Furthermore,the method of promoting the application effect of organic fertilizer should be innovated.Fourth,the socialized service for agricultural organic fertilization should be strengthened to overcome the choke point of rural labor shortage.Moreover,the demonstration and driving role of new business entities should lead the trend for farmers to use nearby organic resources for fertilizing.Finally,the cooperating platform between the government and enterprises should be established to develop sale markets,so that the income of organic production of farmers can be improved through various methods.