| Throughout history,people have never stopped pursuing an ideal future society free from exploitation and oppression.Based on his scientific knowledge of the laws of human society and the tenacity of the communist ideals and faith,Marx predicted the course of the road to future freedom through the layers of the fog of history.Marx’s bright historical journey of human liberation was presented to the world through his later years’ work Criticism of the Gotha Program,a famous classic of Marx’s voluminous classic works,which was finished during April to early may,1875 and published by Engels in 1891.As an important representative programmatic document that Marx’s scientific socialist thought gradually matures,it is also a great work written by Marx in his later years,which is a systematic summary of his early communist thought.In addition to providing an essential ideological guide for the socialist movement thereafter,the birth of the work has also left an indelible mark on the history of the socialist movement.In the subsequent 143 years,the once-vigorous international workers’ movement and the reforms carried out by socialist countries have undergone major changes.Not only did it point the way forward for communism,but Marx’s Critique of the Gotha Program inspired generations to strive for it and draw on it.As the intellectual crystallization of Marx’s exploration of truth,this book helps confused people to see the scientific way to communism.However,the path from ideal to reality is bound to be bumpy.Despite that the road to human liberation is promising,it will inevitably encounter twists and turns and hardships in the process.Marx had always taken the pursuit of human liberation as his mission in his lifetime theoretical research.Although Marx was not the originator of the theory of human liberation,the pursuit of this eternal value accompanied the glorious life of Marx,which presented us with a promising future for mankind.With Marxism as the theoretical weapon,the proletariat in China has successfully established the socialist system.In spite that the socialist China,which started in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society,has crossed the Kafdin Valley of capitalism,the driving effect of capital logic in today’s society still expected to be fully exerted.China,which is still in the primary stage of socialism,can only make use of the advantages of capital to ensure smooth sailing of the socialist road.On the contrary,capital without socialist constraints will become a runaway horse.As a good colt driving social progress,capital must be put on the reins of "commonweal" so as to prevent it from losing its way and ensure that it can better serve the socialist construction.Starting from the planned economy system,the implementers of China’s market-oriented reform are problem-oriented and take a pragmatic attitude.While gradually introducing the market economy,they have not given up the reasonable core of classical socialism,which hedged the negative effects of the market economy.Adhering to both ideals and dogmatism,Chinese socialists have made practical and realistic decisions on the mode of development in light of the actual situation of Chinese society.China,which has gone through a period of low tide in the history of socialist movement,has not been unable to recover after a setback.It is still committed to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and continues to explore the future of the communist society by striding forward in the historical journey of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.After the development and changes of time,the theoretical charm contained in the Critique of the Gotha Program has shined even more brightly in today’s society with the progress of history and reflected the bright light of reality,which provides irreplaceable guidance for the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Based on the reality of the capitalist society,Marx deeply analyzed the historical inevitability of capitalism to communism and envisioned the transition period that the transformation from capitalism to communism would go through,the way to realize the future society,the state system,the stage of development and the distribution system in the Critique of the Gotha Program,which is still providing vital reference for us to promote the new development of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In addition,it provides us with correct theoretical guidance for further in-depth study of Marxist political philosophy,facing up to the scientific orientation of socialism with Chinese characteristics,getting rid of the erroneous interference of capitalist ideology,and avoiding or avoiding detours in the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.It particularly holds realistic guiding significance for how we should define the current historical orientation,accelerate the completion of the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the socialist future after the "two centenary goals" based on the current basic national conditions in the face of great changes in China’s economy and society since the 18 th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC),which is the unchanged original intention and historical mission of the communist party of China.This paper studies the path of human liberation through the Critique of the Gotha Program and emphatically expounds the following points of view:Firstly,in the Critique of the Gotha Program,Marx only predicted the direction of future social development for us in principle.He believed that the transition from a capitalist society to a communist society will inevitably go through the first stage of communism under the dictatorship of the proletariat,and that in the advanced stage of a future communist society,all historical limitations will disappear and mankind will enter a society in which talents are given full scope to and distribution will be conducted in accordance with demands.nevertheless,Marx did not elaborate on how to go through the path to the advanced stages of communism,which demonstrated the sincerity and rigor of Marx as a thinker.Therefore,when it comes to concrete actions for socialist construction,the Chinese people are supposed to carry out exploration and practice in light of their own reality and China’s national conditions.Secondly,given that the commodity economy and the market economy as its developed form are the necessary approaches and means in promoting the development of China’s productive forces at the primary stage of socialism,the establishment of the socialist market economy system not only makes full use of the efficiency and advantages of the market economy,but also prevents the risks resulting from the negative effects of the market economy,thus putting a bridle on the wild horse of the market economy that is easy to "break loose".Thirdly,It can be concluded from the achievements in the past 40 years of reform and opening up that in order to truly promote the realization of socialist modernization as well as the all-round development and progress of society,China,which started from a relatively backward economic and cultural level,must rely on the exploration of the "Chinese road" conducted by Chinese people based on China’s reality.Content in the paper(from introduction to conclusion)can be divided into six parts:The first part is chapter 1,the introduction,which successively introduces the background and significance of the topic of this paper,the research status at home and abroad,as well as the research ideas,methods,innovations and deficiencies.The second part is Chapter 2,he international workers’ movement and the emergence of Critique of the Gotha Program.Taking the rise of the international workers’ movement as the historical background,it discusses respectively the origin of the German Workers’ Party Program,namely the Gotha Program,the writing background of Marx’s Critique of the Gotha Program,and emphatically analyses the reasons why the Critique of the Gotha Program was not published until 15 years after its completion.Its main purpose is to examine the historical background of the writing and publication of Critique of the Gotha Program.The third part is chapter 3,the textual position of the critique of Critique of the Gotha Program.In addition to analyzing the content of the text of the Critique of the Gotha Program respectively from the ideological interpretation of the preface and the letter part as well as the main ideas of the body part,this chapter also makes an in-depth study of the profound impact of the article on later generations after its publication,especially the sharp criticism of Lasalle’s opportunism expressed by Marx on the whole in the body part and the corresponding scientific conception of the future communist society.This part summarizes and analyzes the main idea of the Critique of the Gotha Program from four aspects of economy,politics,culture and society,which is conductive to offering us a clearer understanding of the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism and providing encouragement for us to explore the Chinese-style modernization path conforming to China’s national conditions based on reality.The fourth part is chapter 4,Critique of the Gotha Program and Marx’s thought of human liberation.In addition to discussing the interpretation methods of Marx’s thought of human liberation,this part mainly expounds the thought of human liberation embodied in the Critique of the Gotha Program.This part mainly systematically analyzes the thought of human liberation reflected by Marx in the Critique of the Gotha Program,concludes and summarizes the premise of the realization of human liberation,the development stage of human liberation and the necessary process of human liberation proposed by Marx,in the hope of providing more effective guidance for the current socialist construction.The fifth part is chapter 5,Critique of the Gotha Program and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.This part mainly expounds the realistic enlightenment brought by the Critique of the Gotha Program for socialism with Chinese characteristics.By clearly discussing the practical process of Marx’s socialist concept in China and the correct methods of understanding the new historical orientation of socialism with Chinese characteristics upon entering a new era,this part demonstrates the guiding significance of the concept of equality embodied in Marx’s Critique of the Gotha Program to the concept of shared development put forward by China at present,which lays a solid foundation for us to better construct socialism and finally realize the communist society based on the present and facing the future.Specifically speaking,in addition to describing in detail how China has achieved the transition from semi-colonial and semi-feudal society to socialist society under the guidance of Marx’s socialist concept,this part also makes clear that China is currently in a stage of social development that should be devoted to solving the problems in development and pursuing the sharing of development results by all the people.In view of the long and arduous road to human liberation and the great cause of communism with the nature of socialist movement that presupposed changing the status quo,we are expected to be both ambitious and down-to-earth.The sixth part is chapter 6,the conclusion of this paper.Several important conclusions can be drawn from the study of the Critique of the Gotha Program.Firstly,Marx’s view of socialism still shows demonstrates vitality in China today.Secondly,with the establishment of the basic economic form in which public ownership takes the dominant position as the basis and premise,the choice of the socialist market economic system in China will not cause the change of the nature and development direction of socialism.The word "socialism" can exactly hedge and eliminate the negative effects of egoism and human alienation caused by market economy.Thirdly,dogmatic application of Marx’s socialist concept to guide current socialist construction should be firmly prohibited.Only by combining Marxism with China’s reality and taking the development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics can the great number of difficulties that are encountered by us in development be actually conquered.Fourthly,in view of the fact that human liberation is the only route to achieve de facto equality and freedom for mankind,the realization of all these must be on the premise of the eventual elimination of private ownership.In conclusion,based on the present,facing the future and bearing in mind the pursuit and mission of communist ideal,the communists of China will always adhere to their original intention and keep proceeding. |
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