Research On The Early Dissemination And Major Editions Of "Critique Of The Gotha Program" In China

The book "Critique of the Gotha Program",was published in 1891 in April and May 1875.The Critique of the Gotha Program is a programmatic document in the history of scientific socialism.In this work,Marx thoroughly criticized the LaSalle opportunist line and its economic,political,and strategic thinking,profoundly clarified the principles of the proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat,and first proposed the two stages of the development of communist society.Theory has played a major role in the international communist movement and the history of world socialism.This topic is based on the essays of the excerpts,fragments,and full translations of the Critique of the Gotha Program in China.The literature research method and the theory and method of hermeneutics are used to focus on the sporadic dissemination of the Critique of the Gotha Program.A comprehensive and systematic comparison of several major translations of the "Critique of the Gotha Program" is of great significance for further enriching the research content of the history of Marxist development and deepening the study of classic works and comprehending the basic principles of Marxism.This study examines and combs the translations of the "Critique of the Gotha Program" by as many as 22 texts or translators related to the "Critique of the Gotha Program" since 1899.The Selected Works of Marx and Engels,1972,1995 After the comparative analysis of the annual edition and the 2012 edition,it is believed that the"left-leaning" ideology of Marxism in the process of Chinese-Chinese communication has gradually reversed,and the core concept translation of Marxism has gradually returned to the original text.The thesis consists of three parts:introduction,body and conclusion.The text is divided into five chapters.The details are as follows:The first chapter explores the historical process of the formation and publication of the "Critique of the Gotha Program" and summarizes its significance in the history of scientific socialism.The formation and publication of the "Critique of the Gotha Program" has had a profound impact on the international workers’ movement and the international communist movement.For the first time,"Critique of the Gotha Program"accurately judged the direction and characteristics of the future society,systematically expounded the theory of scientific socialism,fully expounded the distribution system of the communist stage,and further enriched and developed the Marxist state.Theory of doctrine.The second chapter combs the sporadic spread of the "Critique of the Gotha Program" in China.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the"Compilation of Books" opened the prelude to the "Critique of the Gotha Program" in China.During the May Fourth period,before and after the founding of the Communist Party of China,during the Great Revolution,and during the Agrarian Revolution,the"Critique of the Gotha Program" was continuously presented in the form of translation,interpretation,evaluation and other modes of communication,once again demonstrating the important revolution of the "Claim Program Critique".The influence of theory on the influence of the Chinese revolution has become increasingly rampant.The third chapter combs and examines the main full translations and publications from 1922 to 1925.After the May Fourth Movement in 1919,Marxism began to spread in China.From 1922 to 1925,the "Critique of the Gotha Program" reached a climax in Chinese translation.The revolutionaries Xiong Deshan,Li Da,Ke Bainian and others have fully translated the "Critique of the Gotha Program" in major domestic publications.The contents of the "Critique of the Gotha Program" included in the four full translations are gradually enriched and the structure is rationalized,which is in line with the needs of China’s political struggle.It also provides theoretical weapons for the Chinese people to resist oppression and strive for national independence,greatly promoting the revolution.Revolutionary activities of the period.The fourth chapter analyzes the changes in the version from the 1930s to the 70s.Through a fine reading of several main texts,the full translation summarizes the following characteristics:From the 1920s to the 1940s,the translation and dissemination of Marx and Engels’ works in China reached a climax,especially in 1939.The translations of Si Jing and Xu Bing played an important leading role in the study of the Marxist theory of the Communist Party of China during the Yan’an period;the spread of Marxism in China experienced fragmentation,sporadic dissemination,and then full translation;the text was transformed into a Japanese translation.In the English translation,French translation,German translation,Russian translation,etc.,and then to the Russian translation,and then to the return of the original texts of Marx and Engels;from the appearance of early journals,to the emergence of monographs,special speech collections,notes,abstracts,manuscripts,and then to the compilation and publication of the majority of Marx,Enshi’s complete works,anthologies,and collections,marking the beginning of the Chinese people’s conscious study of Marx and Engels’ writings,and the beginning of the right to speak;Marxism in the process of dissemination in China,Some people have castrated their theory into a weapon of political struggle.The distorted ideology was replaced by dogmatic and fanaticism,and Marxism became the tongue of some people’s "left leaning." After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee,the "Left" ideology gradually reversed,reflected in the classic concept of Marxism,and the translation of the core concept gradually returned to the original text.The fifth chapter studies the changes of the core concepts in different versions of the Critique of the Gotha Program.The changes in the core concepts of "bourgeois legal rights","bourgeois rights","advanced stage" and "transition period" in different versions of "Claim Program Critique" indicate that the concept changes are influenced by the source of the translation,content selection,political and cultural background,etc.The influence of various factors has led to the translator’s misinterpretation,misunderstanding and misreading of the core terminology of Marxism in the translation process.After the reform and opening up,the CPC has continuously deepened and improved the core terminology of Marxism in practice and understanding.