Epidemiological Investigation Of Cattle Endometritis In Ningxia And Preparation Of Formula Effervescent Suppository

The natural conditions are suitable for the development of milk industry and beef cattle industry in Ningxia,but due to a relatively large base of feeding amount in small and medium-sized cattle farms and casual farms,and the low feeding level leads to frequent obstetric diseases,especially the endometritis of cattle.In order to better treat endometritis,in the present study,the epidemiological investigation of cattle endometritis was carried out in six cities and counties（districts）in Ningxia.The main pathogenic bacteria causing endometritis were isolated and identified and drug sensitivity tests were carried out.Finally,a traditional Chinese medicine formula effervescent suppository for treatment of cattle endometritis was developed.It has good curative effect through safety evaluation and clinical treatment experiments.Specific research contents were as follows:1.A random survey on samples of 2,160 cattle in 33 large-scale farms and 50 casual households of Ningxia was conducted.Results showed that:From January to December in2016,the average incidence rate in Ningxia was about 27.0%,and there was no significant difference in incidence rate among cities and counties（districts）（P>0.05）,but the incidence rate was correlated with seasonal climate,feeding and management level and cattle age:the incidence rate was lower in spring and autumn while it was higher in winter and summer;the annual incidence rate of large-scale farms was 18.5%,significantly lower than that of free-range households which was 35.5%（P<0.05）.As the age of cattle increased,the incidence rate of endometritis showed a trend of high-low-high,with the lowest incidence rate being 17.17%at the age of 4 and the highest incidence rate being42.0%at the age of 8;there was no significant difference in incidence rate among cattle with different breeds（P>0.05）.2.Twenty bacteria were isolated and identified from 180 pathological samples of cattle endometritis from 6 cities and counties（districts）in Ningxia.There were higher detection rates of E.coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus agalactiae,which was 53.3%,50.0%,28.9%and 18.3%respectively,while the detection rates of other bacteria were lower.Yinchuan city and Litong district were dominated by single infection,with the rate of 60%and 53.3%respectively,while other areas were dominated by mixed infection.In the cases of single infection,Staphylococcus aureus was the dominant pathogen in Yinchuan city,Litong district and Qingtongxia city,while E.coli was the dominant pathogen in Xiji county and Pengyang county.In terms of mixed infection,the species of pathogenic bacteria detected in various places were complex and irregular.Through drug sensitivity test,it was found that the major pathogenic bacteria isolated from cities and counties（districts）have developed drug resistance to most of the antibacterial drugs,in which the drug resistance rate of sulfanilamide drugs was the highest,followed byβ-lactam drugs,aminoglycosides and macrolides,and the drug resistance rate of quinolone drugs was the lowest.3.Effervescent suppository was selected to develop the drug dosage form,and the in vitro bacteriostasis test of traditional Chinese medicine was carried out on the main pathogenic bacteria causing endometritis of cattle in Ningxia.With traditional Chinese medicine formula and suppository excipients screened by orthogonal method,the traditional formula of Chinese medicine was determined as follows:Forsythia suspense,Rhizoma coptidis,Phellodendron chinense Schneid,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand,Cimicifugae foetidae,Carthamus tinctorius,Chinese thorowax root,and Angelica sinensis.The admixture ratio of Effervescent suppository excipients was:tartaric acid:sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate mixture（1:9）:mannitol lactose mixture（1:10）:sodium dodecyl sulfate:dry extract powder of traditional Chinese medicine=0.25∶0.2∶0.15∶0.1∶0.3.The rolling dry granulation method was used in the granulation process,and three batches of effervescent suppository formula of Chinese medicine were prepared.Quality inspection showed that the prescription and the ratio of particles had qualified appearance,with hardness more than 6 kg/cm2,brittle broken degrees below 0.5%,disintegration time limit within 5 min,weight variation within the plus or minus 5%,the smallest foaming quantity greater than 6 ml,bubble duration between 55⁵8 min,deformation temperature at 38.5³8.9°C,melting time less than 30min,aerobic bacteria number less than 100 cfu per gram,and mold and yeast less than 10cfu per gram,all of which conformed to the requirement of pharmacopoeia,meeting the needs of utility.Through the acute toxicity experiment in mice,the LD₅₀0 of the effervescent suppository of the formula of the traditional Chinese medicine was about 5788.32 mg,which belonged to the actual non-toxic substance.The stress response of rabbits after large dose of vaginal administration was small,and it was mildly irritating to the eyes of rabbits,which met the requirements of mucosal administration.Through the clinical experiment,traditional Chinese medicine formula effervescent suppository was used to treat acute and chronic endometritis,with the effectiveness of 90%,which not only had high treatment efficiency,but could promote faster recovery of estrus cycle,greatly improving the conception rate,especially having significantly curative effect of chronic endometritis,when compared to enrofloxacin.So it had good clinical application prospects.