| As the most ancient unit of China's land,countryside records the history of the changes of China's land for thousands of years.Nowadays,under the guidance of the policies on new socialist countryside,beautiful villages and rural revitalization,China's rural construction practice and theoretical research are carried out in full swing.In previous studies of rural landscape,there are few studies on Shandong,especially the mountainous area in terms of geographical area.In addition,there are few studies on rural development mode,planning and design,especially in mountainous areas.This study takes villages in Xiying Town,Luzhong Mountain Area as research objects,using the theory of landscape ecology,the theory of landscape safety pattern,the theory of spatial regeneration,the theory of urban intention and the theory of environmental psychology as theoretical basis.Field investigation and desk study are combined to be adopted as the research method,and also are theoretical and empirical research,core and overall research methods,and trait evaluation and perceptual evaluation methods.The main research content of this thesis consists of the following parts:(1)Basic research: Research background illustration,research purpose and significance,the progress of relevant research at home and abroad,research content,research method,and a detailed field survey of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain Area.(2)Identification of landscape trait: Common characteristic of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain Area are studied from the perspectives of natural habitat,dwelling and living,spiritual culture,economic production and pattern form through the combination of extensive field research in the rural area of Luzhong Mountain Area and previous related studies.Rural groups are used as the object to evaluate and define individual characteristics of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain Area.(3)Proposing the development mode: Taking individual and common characteristics in rural landscape as the development core,relevant theories are integrated to study the content characteristic,population,implementation route and five different types of the rural landscape development mode in Luzhong Mountain Area.(4)Practical research: Taking the landscape planning and design of rural groups in Xiying Town's mountainous area as an example,the research content of landscape characteristics and development modes are applied to the actual planning process.In addition,the possibility of theories is tested through argumentation and case study.The main research results:(1)The form,function,composition,volume,material and scale of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain area are defined based on the functional classification of rural landscape.Ecological naturalness,functional practicability,economic unity and culture are proposed.The common traits of life and form differences are the complement and improvement of the regional characteristics of rural landscapes,which provide a theoretical basis for the inheritance and innovation of rural landscapes.(2)By using the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method,and also by combining with the actual situation of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain area,the evaluation method for defining the personality characteristics of rural landscape was constructed.Through the horizontal and vertical evaluation of indicators,it was found that different villages have different strength and weakness in functional indicators,and each village has its own unique landscape characteristics.This trait is an important basis for the distinguishing function of rural landscapes and the development model of rural landscapes.This method can be used for evaluating rural landscape traits in similar areas.(3)Through the analysis and comparison of the perceptions of different use groups,it is found that the perceptions of different use groups are different.The analysis results are conducive to the construction of rural signs,nodes,roadways and areas that are easy for local people and new residents to identify.This thesis also provides a basis for rural landscape structure planning.(4)The development model of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain area is proposed as well: the group superior resources are integrated with the rural group as the macroscopic development object;the individual characteristic resources are strengthened,with the rural individual as the micro-developmentobject;and the rural personality traits and common characteristics are used as the development core.To create a diverse rural landscape community with period characteristics linking history and future,updated image is the formal focus,rural perception factor is the spatial focus,spatial reuse is the functional focus,aboriginal and new inhabitants are the service object,and the landscape personality traits-subject function-development model-planning design is the implementation route.(5)Five typical rural landscape features and construction methods of ecological health,cultural perception,planting and sightseeing,home stay and artistic expression are proposed based on the development model of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain area.This research has several innovations:(1)The common characteristics of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain area is defined,and the method of evaluating the personality characteristics of rural landscape in Luzhong Mountain Area is constructed as well,which can both be applied to the definition of individuality characteristics of rural landscapes in similar areas,filling the gap in previous studies of rural landscape traits in Luzhong Mountain Area.(2)Based on the characteristics of landscape,the development model and implementation route of diverse rural landscape groups are proposed,and the characteristics and methods of five typical rural landscapes are proposed.Meanwhile,a new path is opened up in rural planning and design methods.(3)Taking the rural landscape planning and design of Xiying Town as an example,the theory of rural landscape traits and patterns in Luzhong Mountain area in this thesis is applied to current rural landscape constructions,which has certain demonstration and guidance for rural planning and design in similar areas. |
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