| Historical and cultural heritage is the only irreplaceable and non-renewable unique landscape resource.It is a special carrier to present a glorious national culture of a country and a nation.How to protect the environment of historical and cultural sites and make it sustainable is a scientific problem that needs to be solved and discussed.It has great significance for the protection and management of historical and cultural heritage.Turpan is one of the first historical and cultural cities in China.It is a region with rich historical and cultural resources,but also a typical area with rapid socio-economic development and serious ecological degradation.Under the dual influence of nature and humanity,the original historical features and traditional patterns of the historical and cultural heritage of Turpan have been damaged by different degrees.Especially under circumstances that cultural industry driven by cultural heritage is becoming an important pillar of local economic development,the dynamic monitoring and protection of resources and environment related with historical and cultural heritage is becoming an important challenge for regional,social and economic development.The zoning protection of historical and cultural sites is an important balancing tool to solve the relationship between strict protection and sustainable utilization.However,due to the lack of sufficient scientific theory clear quantitative system,the implementation effect of this method is not obvious.Remote sensing and geographic information system(GIS),as the core of spatial information technology,are being applied more and more in the monitoring,analysis and protection of historical and cultural heritage,forming new research directions such as spatial information technology of historical and cultural heritage and digital cultural heritage.Aiming at the above problems,based on remote sensing and GIS,combining with the theory of ecological sensitivity and spatial zoning model,based on the study of the relationship between the sensitive factors and protection zoning,traditional method of zoning was improved.Then,the related factor of cultural heritage involves in sensitivity analysis was quantitatively analyzed,and spatio-temporal model was built.Finally,more scientific and reasonable zoning method for the protection of historical and cultural heritage was provided.Taking the preservation area of Turpan historical and cultural sites as an example,the protection zoning method proposed in this paper is verified by practice.It realizes the systematic application of remote sensing and GIS technology and ecological sensitivity theory and methods in the field of protection and development of historical and cultural heritage.The main innovation points are as follows:1)In this paper,evaluation index and framework for analyzing the spatial distribution pattern of historical and cultural heritage in arid and semi-arid areas is proposed with the integration of qualitative and quantitative data.In addition,the comprehensive application of zoning analysis,spatial correlation,spatial statistics,spatial clustering and spatial autocorrelation is achieved in the study of spatial distribution of historical and cultural heritage.This paper systematically studies the distribution pattern of Turpan's historical and cultural heritage,finds out the spatial distribution rules of different historical periods and different types of cultural heritage,and establishes the laws of geographical factors that are suitable for the distribution pattern of cultural heritage in arid areas.This paper uses DEM data and study area of remote sensing images,land use data,historical and cultural heritage pattern of related factors are extraction,effects of the terrain,water system,roads and water resources on the characteristics of Turpan historical and cultural heritage distribution are quantitatively analyzed,and the temporal and spatial variation of these descriptive factors was analyzed.2)The ecological sensitivity evaluation model and zoning scheme of historical and cultural sites is built with consideration of the influence of the natural environmental factors and of human activities.The scientific nature of the historical and cultural heritage protection zoning has been improved,and the multi-objective coordination of historical and cultural heritage protection and regional ecological construction has been achieved.The evaluation model of ecological sensitivity of historical heritage in Turpan under arid climate is established,and relevant suggestions for classification,grading and zoning protection of historic heritage are put forward.In view of the urgent need for the protection of historical and cultural resources,based on high-precision terrain data and ecological environmental investigation data,an ecological sensitivity evaluation model based on remote sensing and GIS technology is established.8 sensitive factors are selected to analyze the spatial differentiation of ecological sensitivity in the study area.The results showed that the overall sensitivity of the historical sites in the study area is high,and the sensitivity is from high to low,accounting for 33.98%(140 sites),19.66%(81 sites),24.51%(101 sites),11.17%(46 sites)and 10.68%(44 sites),respectively.Through the analysis of the ecological sensitivity of the sites in Turpan,we found that 93.15% of the graded sites and 89.32% categorical sites in the study area are in a sensitive state,and are easy to be degraded or destroyed by various kinds of human and natural factors.Based on the evaluation results,it is suggested that the protection and construction of historic sites should be based on ecological sensitivity,so as to achieve the unification of protection and ecological construction.3)The distribution pattern of Turpan's historical and cultural heritage,the influence of geographical factors,the impact of human activities,the evaluation of ecological sensitivity and the zoning of protection are carried out for the first time,and corresponding protective measures for different areas are put forward.The research results have important reference values for protection and development of cultural heritage in the ‘The One Belt and Road' cultural heritage concentrated area.A plan for regionalization of cultural sites in arid areas based on ecological sensitivity is proposed.The research areas are divided into strict protected zones,key protected zones,important protected zones,restricted development zones and moderate development zones,and corresponding protection measures are put forward.Combined with the development of urbanization in Turpan,this paper focuses on the protection countermeasures of Turpan historical and cultural resources under the background of urbanization,and puts forward some suggestions for coordinating new urbanization,historical and cultural sites protection and ecological construction.The research results will provide scientific basis and technical support for Turpan's eco-environmental protection,historical and cultural sites protection,tourism resources development,industrial rational layout and environmental planning management. |
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