| There are many researches on the value of history,culture,art and other dimensions of the Great Wall.However,as a large-scale linear heritage spanning a large area of China,the area along the Great Wall involves a wide range,a complex ecological process,and a high ecological vulnerability,while relevant researches on its landscape ecological value are scarce.Under the background of the rapid development of urbanization,industrialization and modernization,the ecological environment of the Great Wall heritage site is faced with many problems such as natural disasters,man-made destruction and ecological regression,which lead to the serious destruction of the ecological system along the Great Wall,and the protection of the landscape ecology of the heritage site is urgent.Beijing Great Wall Cultural Belt Protection and Development Plan(2018-2035)is a special plan for the protection of the Great Wall heritage in Beijing.It clearly puts forward the scope of the construction control zone,which provides a certain basis for the protection,control and sustainable development of the Great Wall heritage area.However,according to many research results on the historical value of the Great Wall itself and the restoration of cultural relics,The ecological value of the Great Wall heritage area has not been put forward planning and control requirements.In this paper,Miyun section of the Great Wall Cultural Belt in Beijing is selected as the research object to explore the evolution process and trend of regional ecosystem along the Great Wall over the years,evaluate the regional ecological value,and build the ecological network system of heritage sites on this basis.Firstly,the spatial pattern of the Great Wall cultural belt in Beijing was analyzed,and the display of Great Wall heritage and distribution of natural resources in the Miyun Great Wall cultural Belt were sorted out.Based on the ecosystem data of the three phases of 2000,2010 and 2020,the spatial distribution of ecological changes in the heritage sites in the past 20 years was analyzed,and the ecological problems faced by the Great Wall heritage sites under the background of urbanization were summarized.Secondly,an ecological value assessment system was constructed based on In VEST model to evaluate four ecosystem services of the heritage site,namely ecosystem regulation service,support service,supply service and cultural service.The spatial distribution of the overall ecological value was obtained by superimposing four ecological service indicators.Finally,according to the overall ecological value assessment results,the appropriate ecological source was selected,the landscape circuit theory model was used to build the ecological network system of heritage sites,and six types of landscape pattern protection and utilization optimization zoning of heritage sites were summarized and refined,and specific optimization suggestions and countermeasures were put forward,which could provide reference for the comprehensive protection and management of similar types of cultural heritage sites.The research conclusion mainly includes the following parts:(1)The ecological degradation trend in the core area of the Miyun section of the Great Wall Cultural Belt is significant,accounting for 10.43% of the overall core area.The ecological improvement trend in the radiation area is significant,accounting for 15.33% of the overall area.Although efforts have been made in recent years to strengthen the protection and control of the Great Wall Heritage site,the natural ecological environment of the site has still been eroded,and there are many construction and development activities.Artificial systems such as villages and towns,farmland,etc.have encroached on the natural ecosystems of grasslands,forests,water bodies,etc.,deteriorating the ecological environment of the Changcheng Heritage site.(2)The overall ecological value of the Miyun section of the Beijing Great Wall Cultural Belt is relatively high.The ecological value levels of the central and northwest areas within the radiation area are mostly medium or low,and the overall ecological value of the radiation area is lower than that of the core area.According to the natural breakpoint method,the ecological value evaluation results of the Miyun section of the Beijing Great Wall Cultural Belt are divided into five levels.The spatial distribution shows that areas with high and high ecological value account for more than half of the total area,reflecting the important ecological value of the Miyun section of the Beijing Great Wall Cultural Belt heritage site.(3)Based on the theory of landscape circuit,an ecological network was constructed in the Miyun section of the Great Wall Cultural Belt,identifying 15 core ecological sources,3general ecological sources,26 primary ecological corridors,2 secondary ecological corridors,22 key ecological pinch points,and 55 key ecological obstacle points.The source area,corridor,pinch point and obstacle point area are superimposed to build a comprehensive landscape ecology network system of the Great Wall heritage site,so as to delimit the landscape spatial pattern division,optimize the connectivity of landscape pattern,and improve the ecological security of the Great Wall heritage area.(4)Based on the constructed ecological network system of heritage sites,combined with the protection and control requirements of the Great Wall Cultural Belt,six types of heritage ecological collaborative protection and utilization optimization zones have been finally designated: heritage ecological key protection zone,heritage ecological protection zone,heritage ecological display and utilization zone,heritage ecological restoration zone,heritage ecological improvement zone,and heritage comprehensive development zone,Based on ecological value and land type characteristics,propose corresponding optimization strategies for each type of zoning. |
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