Construction Of Spatial Protection System For Intangible Cultural Heritage In Xiangxi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Intangible cultural heritage(hereinafter referred to as intangible cultural heritage)is the crystallization of human wisdom and civilization,and has outstanding value in literature,history,economy and art.Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as Xiangxi Prefecture)is the region with the richest intangible cultural heritage resources in Hunan Province,and the construction of the spatial protection system of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture can help transform the single protection of regional intangible cultural heritage to overall management,and promote the overall protection of regional intangible cultural heritage.Taking 1208 intangible cultural heritage items in Xiangxi Prefecture as the research object,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture by using methods such as nearest proximity index,kernel density analysis,imbalance index and GIS platform tools.Drawing on theories such as cultural space protection,an intangible cultural heritage spacc protection system of "intangible culturalheritage protection source-intangible cultural heritage corridor-intangible cultural heritage protection area" was constructed.The main research results are as follows:(1)Xiangxi Prefecture has experienced several dynasties of historical evolution,thousands of years of ethnic exchanges,ethnic struggles and ethnic migration,and historical evolution and ethnic migration have become an important background for the formation of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture.From the different forms of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture,the high-level(world-class,national and provincial)intangible cultural heritage origin forms in Xiangxi Prefecture are divided into production and life practice,politics and military,among which the most intangible cultural heritage items are formed based on the type of production and life practice,followed by the political type.(2)Xiangxi Prefecture has a total of 1,208 items of intangible cultural heritage,including 1 world-class item,36 national-level items,91 provincial-level items,315 city-level(prefecture)level items and 765 county-level items.The spatial distribution characteristics of the study show that:①the level of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture is "pyramid" shape;The characteristics of the project types are mainly traditional handicrafts,folk literature and folk customs,and traditional drama and opera arts are relatively scarce.The characteristics of ethnic attributes are mainly Miao,Tujia and multi-ethnic projects.②The number of intangible cultural heritage items in Xiangxi Prefecture is more than the north and south,and Baojing County is the most distributed;The density of intangible cultural heritage items is "dense in the south and sparse in the north",and the density of intangible cultural heritage items in Huayuan County is the largest.The spatial distribution pattern of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture is intensive,and the distribution of intangible cultural heritage in various cities and counties is relatively concentrated and balanced,and Baojing County has the largest distribution of intangible cultural heritage.The intangible cultural heritage space of Xiangxi Prefecture is clustered in "two cores and three districts and multiple points",with Qianling Town of Baojing County and Huayuan Town of Huayuan County as the two cores,the central part of Baojing County and the northern part of Huayuan County as the core,the three higher dense areas centered on the southern part of Baojing County,the central part of Guzhang County and Yongshun County respectively,and Jishou City.③The intangible cultural heritage of non-Xiangxi Prefecture is mostly distributed in plains and hills at altitudes of 0500m,on gentle slopes of 6-15°,in areas with vegetation coverage below 40%and above 80%,mainly along water systems and traffic networks.Through correlation analysis,it is found that natural factors have the greatest influence on the formation of intangible cultural heritage in the early stage,and human factors have a greater impact on the later development of Xiangxi Pre fecture.(3)According to the graded evaluation of intangible cultural heritage sources,a three-level intangible cultural heritage source protection framework is formed,which is extremely important protected sources,important protected sources and general intangible cultural heritage protected sources.Based on the suitability evaluation and the minimum resistance model,the intangible cultural heritage corridor was generated,and the suitable areas for constructing the intangible cultural heritage corridor in Xiangxi Prefecture were mainly in Baojing County,Huayuan County and Jishou City,and the corridor level was divided into three levels,forming a linear structure of "three vertical and four horizontal".According to the evaluation of intangible cultural heritage protection areas,Huayuan Town,Lingxi Town and Qianling Town are extremely important protected areas.Hulu Town,Min’an Street,Guyang Town,Danqing Town,Qianzhou Street,Luhe Street and Xiaozhai Town are important protected areas;Most of the townships in Xiangxi Prefecture,such as Tuojiang Town,Lalshan Town,and Pushi Town,are generally important protected areas,forming a three-level supporting intangible cultural heritage protection area structure.Finally,the intangible cultural heritage space protection system of Xiangxi Prefecture was formed with "four districts,seven corridors and multiple points".(4)The current situation of intangible cultural protection in Xiangxi Prefecture was analyzed,and protection measures were proposed in view of existing problems.Based on the protection system of intangible cultural heritage space in Xiangxi Prefecture,the protection and utilization strategies of intangible cultural heritage space were proposed from the macro level,meso level and micro level for the "four districts","seven corridors" and "multiple points",forming a pattern of intangible cultural heritage space protection.The research results will provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture and the systematization of intangible cultural heritage space protection,and provide new ideas for the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage in Xiangxi Prefecture.