Study On The Method And Application Of Altmetrics

With the development and wide application of Web2.0 technology, innovation environment is gradually evolving towards the 2.0 paradigm. Compared with the traditional 1.0 paradigm, innovation 2.0 emphasizes the use of blog, micro-blog and other social media platforms to carry out open innovation. The research published on Nature also pointed out that scientific communication, showing the characteristics of network, was turning from traditional media to social media. What's more, scientific innovation began to rely more on online communication. Online scientific communication makes more and more scientific research workers use blog, Twitter, Facebook and other social media platforms to access, share, spread and evaluate the contribution of scientific research and academic literature resources by the means of recommending, concerning, sharing and subscribing. Under this background, the research of metrics also conducted a web2.0 revolution. And Altmetrics is born and widely studied under such trends and cutting-edge science background. It makes it possible to solve the problems and defects of traditional evaluation method as well as combine the characteristics of online social networks to innovate. Altmetrics, combined with web2.0 technology, social media, open access, knowledge exchange and metrology, is a cross-cutting research topic. And it's also a new direction and important research area of metrics. In the era of web2.0, the study of Altmetrics is not only the needs of society, science and technology and economic development, but also the needs of the development of Information Management, Knowledge Management, Metrics research, Evaluation Science and Communication Science. Therefore, this study has important scientific theoretical value, practical significance and broad application prospects.Nowadays, knowledge economy is rising widely; Open Access movement is deepening; social media technology is developing rapidly; scientific communication is changing rapidly as well as the influence evaluation system has been improved steadily. Furthermore, the communication mode of academic resources has changed dramatically. All these indicate that the traditional evaluation system has been unable to meet the development needs of the times. Under this background, this paper seeks to put forward a comprehensive research on Altmetrics systemically.Adhering to the principle of "Combination of theoretical research and practical application", this paper conducts the Altmetrics research systemically from the aspects as follow, such as theory exploration, research on some essential problems, Altmetricsindex research, method and tool research, application research as well as empirical research. Excluding the introduction and conclusion, this paper consists of six chapters, each chapter is self-contained, and its specific content is as follows:Chapter 1:Discuss the theoretical basis related Altmetrics in terms of the theories of Webometrics, Web 2.0, online scientific communication, web communication and data science. Firstly, theories of Webometrics were detailed discussed from the aspects of definition, study context and methodology. Then theories of Web 2.0 were detailed discussed from the aspects of definition, classical theory and characteristics. Subsequently, a detailed analysis about the relationship of scientific communication and online scientific communication is carried out. What's more, the issue about web communication and theory of the Diffution of Innovation are also expounded. In the end, theories of data science were detailed discussed from the aspects of definition and its contents.Chapter 2:Research on some essential problems of Altmetrics. In this chapter, the author tried to give an accurate answer about "What is Altmetrics?" Therefore, according to the relationship betweenAltmetrics and Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Informetrics as well as Webometrics, we trace to source, analyze its rising and the development stage of Altmetrics, and discuss the origin of the terms naming in English and Chinese. And then, we deeply discuss the definition of Altmetrics in different perspectives and different levels and have grasped its connotationand extension. Finally, the distinguishing feature and research object of Altmetrics were also discussed in detail, aiming to make the research scope and disciplinary boundaries clear.Chapter 3:Research on Altmetrics index. This chapter analyzed and discussed the issues of Altmetrics index. Firstly, we revealed and analyzed the connotation of Altmetrics index from three aspects:its type, function as well as the range of application. Secondly, in order to promote the widely application of Altmetrics index, we make a detail analysis of the credibility and applied standards. Thirdly, this paper also investigated the relationship between online communication andAltmetrics index. Based on this, this paper conduct the mode of influence spread and conclude that Altmetrics index should reflect the full course of online scientific communication. According to the research conclusion above, this chapter finally discussed the issue of Altmetrics indexsystem conducting from two aspects, including conducting principles as well as steps.Chapter 4:Research on Altmetrics methodology and tools. As we all know, online scientific communication data is the basic to put forward Altmetrics research, so we study on the methodology of Altmetrics from the aspects of data collecting, data processing, data analysis and result displaying. On the basis of the methods being applied in Altmetrics studies in general, we put forword the analysis model of Altmetrics. Meanwhile, according to the development purposes and size of the application range, this chapter divided the Altmetrics tools into two types, tools used widely and tools used for specific purpose, to analyze and discuss. For Altmetrics tools used widely, after summarized and discussed its features of the functions and disadvantages, we make the corresponding analogy, to make a clear direction to its functional role in the Altmetrics development; Currently ,there are seven specific tools the mostly used for Altmetrics, Altmetric.corm?ImpactStory?PLoS ONE Altmetrics?Plum Analytics?Readermeter? ScienceCard?PaperCritic and CitedIn. This chapter made a detailed analysis and discussion on every tool's function and disadvantages. Based on the research conclusion, scholars can make a clear sense of the defects and deficiencies in practical application of Altmetrics tools and then foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses to have a better service for their future study. Finally, this chapter presented a research outlook to the development of Altmetrics tools.Chapter 5:Research on Altmetrics' application. This chapter firstly analyzes the application and research status of Altmetrics, clear the existing application problems,and point out that there is a close relationship between Altmetrics and science. This can be well applied in the field of'Science and technology management','Science evaluation' and'The development of new science and technology trend forecasting'. In the field of science and technology management, Altmetrics can be used to analyze the academic network, reveal the academic exchange rules, recommend outstanding academic achievements and promote the development and application of Institutional Repository. In the field of science evaluation, Altmetrics can be applied to article-level metric, project applied as well as talent evaluation. Finally, from three aspects of the principle, feasibility and application steps, the author comprehensively expounds the application of Altmetrics in predicting development trends in scientific and technological research. These findings may provide new ideas for the field of science to reveal the structure of science, describes the development outlook and discovered the law of development. Moreover, this can make the evaluation, forecast, management has formed an organic unity and furtherly expand the Altmetrics'new vision of the future to develop knowledge service and scientific decision-making.Chapter 6:Empirical Studyof Altmetrics. With the restriction of research time and individual capacity, we put forword the empirical study from the aspect of article-level metrics and online influence dissemination of academic achievement. The empirical study of article-level metricswas put forward from three dimensions including citation, usage and online influence. Based on the online influence dissemination data of academic achievement, this chapter discussed the process of online influence dissemination and the mode is also conducted. Meanwhile, the mechanismwas also investigated and the strategy to promote the online influence dissemination of academic achievement was put forward in the end.