The Research On Scientific Discourse In The Periodicals In The Late Qing Dynasty

Where was the historical pattern of the Western learning spreading to the East,and the invasion of Western powers,the communication of scientific discourse in Chinese periodicas in the Late Qing Dynasty was carried out.The dissemination of scientific discourse in convoy was to construct scientific discourse system.There were three different stages to build the scientific discourse system in Chinese periodicals in the late Qing Dynasty,i.e. the incubation period, the embryonic period and initial formation period.The missionaries journalists, reform journalists and the Xin Hai journalists were the respective of Chinese periodical’s scientific discourse communication.The evolution process from Gezhi(格致)discourse communication to scientific discourse was to reveal the internal logic and external characterization of scientific discourse communication in the late Qing Dynasty.The periodical’s science concepts in late Qing Dynasty developed in accordance with two paths. One was the missionary propagation path of scientific discourse, which basically followed the tradition of’Learning is the means, political purpose’of the missionaries in the late Ming and early Qing, with Chinese traditional word of Gezhi to refer to Science,(Until1905, Chinese Globe Magazine(万国公报)began to use Science(科学)vocabulary.The scientific discourse of the missionary Gezhi was more of a reference in science, natural science, and was a Small Science category. This thesis has summarized the meaning, method, classification, function, spirit and so on of Gezhi.Since constructing the science discourse system actually refered to Chinese independent construction, and missionary periodicals just played an intermediary and sowing role, In the process of dissemination of scientific discourse, the Chinese periodicals by missionary have formed two kind of traditions:i.e. Chinese monthly Tradition (《察世俗》传统)was "to elucidate the Christianity as the fundamental task ", with the Chinese monthly magazine(《察世俗每月统记传》)as the representative, there was little scientific content, belonging to a religious periodicals. Another was "to spread scientific discourse tradition", with the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine (《东西洋考每月统记传》)as the representative. The dominant was the contents of science and the secondary was religion, similar secular periodicals. The former which was dominant during a long time was replaced by the latter. Before the nineteenth Century60’s, Eastern Western Monthly Tradition(《东西洋考》传统)had been succeeded by "Chinese serial"((《遐迩贯珍》),ShanghaeSerial(《六合丛谈》), The Peking magazine essays(《中西闻见录》)and The Scientific Review (《格致汇编》). After the launch of The Western hurch(《中国教会新报》), two Traditional coexistence. Chinese Globe Magazine(《万国公报》)was of important effections by inrtroducing many Gezhi news,gezhi achievements and gezhi theory,whose termination marked the missionary Chinese scientific discourse communication weaken gradually and the Chinese monthly magazine Tradition returned to the dominant in1907. But Eastern Western Monthly Tradition did not disappear, it still be inherited by the reform journalists and Xin Hai journalists.Another path was the science propagation of Japan. The reform journalists and the Xin Hai journalists had raised two climaxes of the dissemination of scientific discourse."Learning is the means, political purpose"was the main feature during that period. The communication content was difference during the two periods. The former focused on scientific knowledge and scientific news, which was the first step of scientific discourse communication; the latter focused more on the propagation of metaphysics of scientific discourse, which was the second step. During this period, Science in Japanese referred to Science. The earliest use of "Science" was not Kang Youwei, not Yan Fu, but The Real Learning Newspaper(《实学报》)(November15,1897), but was unable to determine the identity. At the beginning of twentieth Century Gezhi and Science coexist and mix, After1905, Science vocabulary gradually eliminated Gezhi. Japan has become the main intermediary and source of information for discourse of science communication during Wu Xu Reformation period and Xin Hai Revolution. As a matter of fact, Japan’s Science originally had two development trends, namely Big Science and Small Science. The concept input into China and having a far-reaching impact was the System theory,namely Big Science.The periodicals scientific discourse communication in late Qing Dynasty mainly has two functions of information transmission and spread and scientific enlightenment. The periodicals Scientific discourse communication in late Qing Dynasty and China modern social changes and cultural transformation had formed the interactive relationship. On the one hand, the spread of scientific discourse in the late Qing Dynasty periodicals was not only the midwive of concept of revolution but also the booster of cognitive schema change. The dissemination of scientific discourse had a profound impact cognition on people’s cognitive style, geographical space and knowledge structure. The macro cosmos, the middle-level personnel society, and the micro physical world all were brought gradually into the scope of people’s cognition. The scientific rational spirit, the scientific spirit of suspicion and scientific innovation spirit gradually were accepted by people consciously. The deep revolution of science communication by oxytocin, made the mode of thinking and behavior of the people changed. On the other hand, science is no longer a diabolic tricks and wicked craft and heresy, but be perfectly justifiable, which is the external demand of scientific’s quick development. The process of periodicals in late Qing Dynasty scientific discourse communication is also the process of modern science’s sinification, is also the process of Collision and fusion between Chinese ancient science culture and western modern science culture, and it facilitate the transformation from Chinese ancient science to modern culture.The periodicals scientific discourse communication in late Qing Dynasty had five external features,i.e. the information source was exogenous, the communication way was one-dimensional linear propagation, the communication effect was limited, the growth cycle is transient, the progress of foundation the discourse system was progressive etc. From science communication level, the periodicals Scientific discourse communication in late Qing Dynasty provided valuable thought resources and theoretical basis for the New Culture Movement, which was a pioneer of the new culture movement, the New Culture Movement was the inheritance and development of scientific discourse communication in the late Qing Dynasty.The New Culture Movement was the inevitable trend of scientific discourse communication development, the two come down in one continuous line.