The Research On Application Strategy Of Passive Regulator Technology About Small And Medium Public Architectural Microclimate

During the Qing dynasty (A.D.1644-1911), the educational buildings (i.e. Confucius temple-schools and academies of classical learning) in Hunan had got an unprecedented development. There once had been more than four hundreds of these buildings all over Hunan, which ranked top in the whole country quantitatively. Furthermore, various types and levels of sample buildings with typical local features can be easily found there. As time went by, they had become the historical witness of the development of Hunan’s education and culture during the Qing Dynasty and thus now deserves a higher research value. However, it is rather regretful that there are not too much comprehensive research have been done to them completely and systematically. More seriously, once over400of these education buildings had remained some fragmentary35(including17Confucius temple-schools and18academies of classical learning) hitherto. So the reason to have a study on such a subject is to inherit and develop the cultural spirit contained in the artistic image of the educational buildings and to make contribution to reasonable protection of cultural heritage.Based on field-surveying maps, video material and139pieces of pictures about the existing35education buildings of Qing Dynasty found in relevant local records, the author thoroughly took historical, natural, social and cultural factors into consideration. Having started from the perspectives of both official schools and private schools, the author analyzed from five aspects, i.e.:development history, site surroundings, functional layout, architectural shape and structure, architectural decoration. Thus, the author completed a research on Confucius temple-schools and academies of classical learning of Qing Dynasty in Hunan and probed their unique regional features and the cause of these features’formation.On development history, the thesis analyzed that the education buildings in Hunan formed a largest number in quantity and reached their highest artistic achievements during the era from1681to1735;On site surroundings, after comparing with the counterparts scattered in the other15provinces and finding the differences between them, the thesis proposed that the sites of Confucius temple-schools in Hunan usually located in the city center and that the site selection of all Chinese academies of classical learning are largely identical but with minor differences;On functional layout, the thesis analyzes the reason that why the layout of Confucius temple-schools (in which the temple located on right side while the school located on the left side) in Hunan is commonly opposite to that (in which the temple located on left side while the school located on the right side) of other Chinese provinces and makes a quantitative analysis of each functional zone and their courtyard space towards academies of classical learning, thus draws an conclusion that the ancient architects set the teaching zone as the centre and put more emphasis on sacrifice zone than on library zone;On architectural shape and structure, instead of being limited to the basic building types, these building were surrounded with many ceremonial architectures which provided a spot where people can performing dances accompanied by music for worshipping Confucius. Such essential architectures as bell and/or drum pavilion(or tower), dance pavilion and rituals&music stage altogether constitute an abundant system of architectural shape and structure;On architectural decoration, the thesis advocates that these building not only reflected the characteristic of partly stylized official practice but also made full use of texture of local materials and technological characteristics during the embellishing process.Actually, the above-mentioned five aspects has exceeded far more than architecture itself in essence. Moreover, these aspects contains a long-standing spirit of the elite culture and aesthetic interest, expresses the consciousness of traditional Chinese culture whose main body is Confucianism, and reflects the spirit of innovation of Hunan culture that follows no set form. On this basis, the thesis formed some35evaluation sheets of status quo and part of digitized information management files, and then filled the gap of assessment and digitization protecting towards the educational buildings of Qing Dynasty in Hunannowadays.This thesis can be divided into six chapters:In Chapter One and Chapter Two, the thesis discussed the five factors that affect the formation and development of the education buildings, i.e.:historical factor, natural factor, social factor and cultural factor;In Chapter Three and Chapter Four, the thesis explored the Confucius temple-schools and the academies of classical learning in Hunan Province built in the Qing Dynasty from five aspects, i.e.:development history, site surroundings, functional layout, architectural shape and structure, architectural decoration;In Chapter Five, the thesis made a comprehensive comparison between the Confucius temple-schools and the academies of classical learning, and summarized the similarities and differences of these two kinds of architectures;In Chapter Six, the thesis advocated some thoughts and methods on the scientific protection and utilization of the education buildings of Qing Dynasty in Hunan.The main body of this thesis sums up to240,000Chinese character, including456pieces of self-taken photos and self-drawn pictures,51self-drawn charts and6sorts of appendices.