Study On Ancient Academy Gardens Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties In Fuzhou Region

The academy formed in the Tang Dynasty,flourished in the Song Dynasty,in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the popularity of the academy reached its peak.The Academy is only existed as a kind of institution of book collection,but with the continuous development of academy education,the function of the academy is mainly formed,such as lecturing,collecting books and sacrificing.As a unique form of garden in Chinese classical garden,Academy garden has special characteristics in site layout,garden construction,cultural implication and so on,so it has been paid much attention to the study of Academy Garden.Fujian has"seashore Zou Lu",it is the land of southeast coastal culture flourishing,Fuzhou as "eight min capital" is the core of the development of Fujian Academy Education,however,the study of Fuzhou Academy in the garden is seldom found.For a comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of the ancient academy gardens in Fuzhou,in this paper,according to the collection and collation of relevant literature,as well as the investigation results of the field survey of some college,from the following aspects of the study:summarizing the development background and development of Fuzhou Ancient book courtyard,as well as the main historical evolution,from the selection of college,gardening elements,The spatial composition and cultural connotation comprehensively analyze the basic gardening features of the ancient courtyard gardens in Fuzhou,dig deep into the cultural connotations contained in the garden landscape of ancient classical courtyard of Fuzhou,and summarize the places that can be used for reference to the contemporary gardens in the ancient courtyard gardens.The results show that:first,the development of the ancient academies in Fuzhou has always been the leading position in Fujian province,the Ming and Qing dynasties,the number of college in Fuzhou reached its peak,in the province and even throughout the country have considerable influence;in this period of the college,the Imperial Examination system in the great influence of the official strength of the Academy There are special types of academies such as pronunciation College and Church College.Secondly,the Academy gardens in Fuzhou are selected in the natural mountain forest where the mountains are held in the water.There are also some colleges in the outskirts of the city not far away or located in the city,the overall presentation from the forest to the city of the trend of transfer,the academy in the landscaping,make full use of various landscape elements,including topography,water,rocks,plants,garden sketches,etc.,comprehensive use of a variety of landscaping techniques,such as the scene,King,frame view and so on.In the space structure,the whole with the central axis of the main characteristics,but not rigidly and symmetrical form,will be based on the actual terrain from the change,multi-axis form,asymmetrical form,free form of layout and so on appear.Thirdly,in the aspect of cultural connotation,the location is mainly embodied in the concept of Harmony culture and Confucianism.The main implication of the landscape is the neo-Confucianism and aesthetic concepts represented by the Fujian studies,as well as the recluse thought advocated by the ancient Chinese literati.Finally,the experience of gardening in the garden of Fuzhou Academy,which deals with the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between landscape and culture,will be worth learning.The ancient Academy Garden of Fuzhou is the product of the collision between the culture of the Fujian and the Academy garden,and the precious cultural heritage that the ancients left for us.This paper hopes to enrich the study of Chinese Academy Garden by analyzing and summarizing the landscape features of ancient courtyard of Fuzhou,and to provide some suggestions for the modern landscape planning and design.