Evaluation And Planning Methods Research Of Rural Ecological Landscape On Different Scales

Landscape pattern arrangement and constructions projects designing with ecological consideration are key points for sustainable development and ecological civilization. Rural landscape covering most area of national land plays a decisive role for these two aspects optimization. Ecological landscape is a combination of ecology and landscape and performs a landscape with quite landscape aesthetics, characters and memory, and unique perceive consisting of un-pollution, healthy multi-land use types matrix. The aim of this thesis is to balance multi-functions developing requirements at regional scale, explore rural ecological landscape characters and planning activities focuses at local scale, and distinguish developing key points based experiences on regional and local research.1) Ecoprofile considered most species conservation in eco-network planning. Ecosystem, habitat patch area and short dispersal distance were used to divide three ecoprofile types of migrotary bird, small forest bird, and small forest mammal in Beijing. Habitat patch area helped to quantitative extract habitat patches for eco-network and remove invalid patches as habitats by1.15%-42.71%. Short dispersal distance was a useful factor as threshold distinguishing corridor planning necessary. Leat-cost model had ability of quantitiative identify optimal corridor spatial distribution for speicies dispersal. Different ecoprofiles had their own pattern for eco-network proving that eco-network planed focusing on special species was unable to protect most species in the eco-system. Generally, combing ecoprofile and least-cost model in eco-network planning provide ability of increaseing species protection efficiency and improving biodiversity conservation.2) Green infrastructure (GI) evaluation and planning covered multiple aspects including social and economic developing level, policies and strategies, different government department planning, scientific suggestions from multi-disciplines, multi-functions developing requirements. Generally, GI need to focuse on improving spatial pattern optimization, biodiversity conservation, water and soil security, disaster prevention, and recreation in Shanghai. Besides, construction guidelins of each spatial block were explored for GI development on lower scale. GI efficiently supported regional sustainable development planning in urban areas.3) In spatial planning, some regions played a more important role than other regions supporting multi-functions development. Function quantity, quality, and practicability distinguished the spatial importance of different areas. Spatial heterogeneity of function quantiy and quality proved the unequal importance of different areas. Function practicability clarified function weights considering interrelation among multi-functions. Overall, identifying priority area for multi-functions development accoriding to spatial importance properly arranged spatial developing order and helpful for high multi-functions efficiency.4) Rural ecological landscape is consisted with elements of point, linear and patches. The landscape should be classed by layors including land use, land cover, vegetation and characters. High resolution remote sensing images were useful to support field survey for building local rural ecological landscape database. Based on local rural survey in Daxing, Quzhou and Changshu, the results showed that landscape homogenization, block features, and characters loss were general weaknesses of local rural ecological landscape. Distance between shelterbelts wider than standard was popular among areas, and this showed up in about80%major shelterbelt and30%minor shelterbelt. Shelterbelt missing was a common problem in rural landscape within18%-38%. Land surface over pavement of agricultural infrastructure threaterned local eco-system, for example, about30%road over paved than necessary with cement and asphalt. Bad utility status became a significant shortcoming of agricultural infrastructures with a proof that near40%field roads and20%ditches required maintenance. However, different areas showed various trend of local landscape change. Metropolitan rural landscape faced high pressure of construction land expanding and land surface over pavement of agricultural infrastructure. Highly urbanization rural had an obvious problem on land surface over pavement. Traditional agricultural rural had low development level and weak environmental problems caused by land surface over pavement. By scenario analysis, without land use pressure increasing, linear wood could increase wood cover20%-46%and vegetation volume0.5%-33.68%, and played the optimal option for vegetation improvement.5) Through participantion investigation and evaluation, obviously differences existed between local people and expert for rural ecological landscape development and management. Local knowledge was a meaningful complementary of science knowledge for identifying aims and practical planning activities in planning. At present, the first priority of local community and rural ecological landscape development had transformed from infrastructure construction to envionrment cleaning. Rural ecological landscape need to focus on improving eco-system quality, enhancing land ecological value, raising eco-system services, maintaining kinds of ecological process in planning and designing on local scale. The local rural ecological landscape planning should search balance among production, ecology and community in development, and protect area and quality of valuable farm land.6) GI planning keypoints were explored considering different stakeholders developing requirements and effects of policies and strategies. Aims and methods of each planning stage were clarified and precautions were mentioned at the same time as consultantion for other rural ecological landscape planning.