| Landscape spatial pattern is one of the main study fields in landscape ecology, and also in LUCC studies. The formation and variation of landscape pattern are considered as the composite reactions of the area ecological environment quality, which come from mufti-factors interaction of nature and man-made. The main objective for studying change of landscape patterns is to find out the influence mechanism to ecosystem environment from both natural evolution and human activities, and to lead to regional and even global sustainable development by improving human-selfs performs, optimizing resource allocation, strengthening the control of ecological environment.Qingpu district is one suburb of Shanghai, located in the western. In the past 5 years, the progresses in its urbanization, economy and civilization have been achieved largely, resulting in changes of the landscape patterns. From the viewpoint of landscape, urbanization was followed with series of physical ecology landscapes replaced by human ones, which implies an important physical and social ecology process. Studying the landscape spatial temporal pattern and its thermal environment effect can perfect or promote the methods and system info of landscape ecology, can also support the decisions for urban planning, environment protecting and regional sustainable development.Both of theoretical research and case study in landscape spatial pattern were carried out. Qingpu district was chosen as case study area. By GIS&RS methods, the effects of spatial grain size on landscape pattern were investigated in the paper, the characteristics of landscape pattern changes from 2000 to 2004 were described, including a preliminary discussion on its driving forces. In terms of landscape pattern optimization, the effects of different spatial grain sizes were also investigated in two major aspects: landscape pattern planning and landscape.1. The effects of spatial grain size on landscape pattern of Qingpu district were investigated in two levels of class and landscape by the Landsat ETM and GIS methods. The conclusions can be drawn as follows:â‘ Different grain sizes give obvious effects on landscape pattern in both of class-level and landscape-level. In the class-level, indices LSI and CLUMPY are much sensitive to grain size; grass, road and construction land contribute significantly to landscape pattern, while in the landscape-level, indices NP and LSI are much sensitive to grain size.â‘¡The appropriate grain size should be chosen in the first scale domain, the range of appropriate grain for landscape indices of Qingpu district are 30m to 40m.â‘¢Generally, dominant types of landscape were strengthened with increasing grain size, the regular landscape isn't sensitive to changes with increasing grain size; the different indices, even they denote the same ecological significance, may be with the contrary response to changing grain size.2. In landscape pattern analysis, the division of landscape patterns in Qingpu district had been made, and the changes of landscape patterns analyzed. Three main results have been achieved:â‘ All types of patches in the case area changed complicatedly from 2000 to 2004, and different types have different trends. Among the changes, cultivated area have the sharpest decline in percentage of land; construction area, industrial area and woods area have the sharpest elevation in percentage of land. The human-landscape area, including land for construction, road and industries, has greatly increased form 17.70% of 2000 to 26.32% of 2004 of total land.â‘¡By analyzing the overall situation of changes in landscape pattern, it can be seen that the fragmentation degree increased, the area of predominate type reduced, the structure of landscape became complicated, the shape of landscape also became confusion, the interference of landscape strengthened, the size trends to be more even. Meanwhile, the space connectivity reduced, the level of landscape diversity raised, the heterogeneous degree increased, the land use turned toward diversification and evenness. These show that the urban-level is immature in the district. â‘¢The main driving forces leading to the changes of landscape pattern in Qingpu district are human-driven factors, including socio-economic development and policy-making factors.3. In aspect of landscape ecological planning study, according to the general principles and methods of urban landscape ecological planning, some measures were proposed:â‘ A basic framework of landscape spatial pattern in Qingpu district was presented, involving ecology corridor systems, ecological nods and the farmland matrix. The framework aims to form a multi-level landscape pattern combined with nods, corridors, patches and matrixes, so that the urban areas built up could be surrounded by the green, linked each other by the ecological corridor system, and inlayed in natural ecological matrix.â‘¡Some suggestions on the green space construction of new urban-region of Qingpu district were proposed with four aspects: improving the ecological corridor system based on the road and river; increasing the area of greenbelt in the inside of built-up areas; keeping the large natural patches; surrounding the built-up areas with the green space.
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