A Post-disaster Value Analysis And Protection Research Of Historical And Cultural Cities In Wenchuan Earthquake Area

The disaster area of5.12Wenchuan great earthquakes is rich in historical and cultural resources, and has large amounts of national and provincial historical cultural cities. The great earthquake damaged considerable quantities of historical cultural cities. About a thousand units of cultural relic protection, innumerable historical buildings and street with high historical and cultural value had suffered from a great calamity. Until now, the reconstruction task of disaster area has been fully completed. The housing and infrastructure construction has been resolved, and the production and life of the people in the disaster area are gradually on track. In this context, examining the protection of the historical and cultural cities in the disaster area, finding problems and putting forward to solving methods can provide successful experience for the post-disaster reconstruction, which has important value of theory and practice. This paper was carried out based on the thought of combining earthquake disaster with protection of historical and cultural cities. There is a need to set up an earthquake impact assessment system of historical and cultural cities and to have clear evaluation principles, standards, contents and methods in accordance with the existing state after earthquake in historical and cultural cities by analyzing the changes in the values from the analysis of the theory and practice of city protection and restoration after disaster home and abroad, and of general theory and methods of protecting the historical and cultural cities. And then, analyzing the historical and cultural value and the damage in the earthquake of the5most damaged cities of Dujiangyan, Wenchuan County, Shifang City, Mianzhu City, and Beichuan County in Wenchuan earthquake by field investigation to recover the reconstruction planning and implementation and disaster prevention and deduction system, and to restore and protect landscape. It can make assessment on the value of the historical and cultural cities after disaster using the designing assessment system, and to propose protecting the historical and cultural cities after disaster. At last, we discuss operational experience and problems needing attention of historical and cultural cities protection from the aspects of historical and cultural cities value, disaster prevention system construction, landscape creation, earthquake sites and monuments and policy orientation. Based on the aforementioned comprehensive research and analysis, the main research contents and conclusion of this paper are as followed:1. The historical and cultural cities of Wenchuan earthquake disaster area had the characteristics of high historical value, rich cultural heritage, unique geographical location, profound historical influence, and obvious regional characters. After the earthquake, the inherent properties of the historical and cultural cities have changed. The changes of traditional style, the present situation and texture and overall situation would influence the value of these cities. Meanwhile, the material carriers of earthquake site and memorial, the achievements of earthquake relief and rebuilding of spirit after disaster have added new values to the historical and cultural cities.2. Setting up an earthquake impact assessment system of values of historical and cultural cities, which was divided into4first-class indicators:characteristic of historical cultural value, assessment of earthquake impact, seismic landscape and social influence and conservation planning and seismic measures. These4first-class indicators can be divided into13second-class indicators,29third-class indicators. The historical and cultural cities can be evaluated comprehensively through the combination of quantitative and qualitative evaluation method, and then be evaluated into grade according to the classification standard.3. Investigate and analyze the5most damaged cities in the Wenchuan earthquake and recommend protecting the historical and cultural cities:(1) Restore the historic building next to world heritage site of Dujiangyan. Divide valued region into historical and cultural blocks for protection, such as Happiness Road, Grand Street, College Street, Lotus Street, Well Street, Poyang Town, and Ancient Lounge Area. Set up free places with classification, such as City Park, Regional Park, Community Park, Children Park, Green Street and so on for rest and evacuation. Remove the shanty towns and industrial areas around the cultural relics and historic sites, update urban aging facilities, carry out water integrated environmental management, and guide commercial and cultural facilities center.(2) Reasonably guide and strengthen the consciousness of Wenchuan historical and cultural cities and the responsibility of protecting historical and cultural cities; enlarge the lacked and indispensible transition coordination area between the modern building and cultural relics, such as the ruins of Jiang Weicheng; excavate the original historical and cultural heritage, and strengthen the Yu Qiang characteristic; enrich historical and cultural cities cultivation with the help of "Wenchuan earthquake"(3) Add anti-seismic measures to architectural heritage in the planning of protecting Mianzhu historical and cultural cities; renovate historical and cultural features of Democracy Lane, and develop historic blocks protection planning of Democracy Lane; strengthen the necessary transition and guide between the new city and the old city; make clear feature control areas and construction coordination area, in which the new building should reflect the architectural features of Chuanxi.(4) Promote the historical and cultural characteristics and qualities of Shifang, dredge Zhou Jia courtyard blocks and arhat Temple Street, transform the urban style and features and protect conditioned blocks, such as the Horse Jingzheng Street, Division ancient dragon Street, Ying Hua street; improve the cramped situation of cultural relics and historic sites, reform the surrounding places of Hui sword Temple and Guan Yu Temple, tear down the modernizd architecture, delimit cultural relics protection control and coordination zones, establish three-dimensional green recreation network, protect and improve the greening construction, for example the green street and small garden built at the important joint in the Liu Chunyuan Park and on both sides of Raft River.(5) Beichuan is the only city to reconstruct elsewhere in Wenchuan earthquake areas and the post-disaster reconstruction has represent "Beichuan mold". Beichuan registered the "catastrophic" historical and cultural cities after investigation. The historical and cultural city characters of Beichuan is defined as the "the hometown of Da Yu", modernized Qiang culture city, and Post disaster reconstruction model city. The core area of historical culture protection is Qu Shanyuan county ruins, Ren Jiaping zone in the south of the county, and the surroundings of Tang Jiashan barrier lake which in the north of the county; Yongchang Metro Dayu culture axis block can be listed as historical and cultural blocks; Civic Center, Beichuan Hotel, Qiang Museum and Qiang culture research center, Earthquake Memorial can be properly classified as heritage conservation units.4. We further put forward suggestions of strengthening the historical cultural protection and disaster prevention ability of historical and cultural cities:mediate the old city function, adjust the land nature and scale, reduce the density of the old city; combine the disaster avoidance with the city historical space, develop city park with evacuation function through ancient city water system and other elements, remediate unreasonable historical streets to meet the requirements of refuge and the evacuation channels; increase the anti-seismic measurements to cultural relic units and historic building according to the new requirements against earthquakes; solve comprehensively the problems that have major effects on the protection of historical and cultural cities, for example traffic modernization of ancient city, adjustment of land usage, the formation of style and characteristics; authentically repair historical monuments and historic districts damaged in earthquake to reserve regional traditional characteristics and maximize the positive role the historical and cultural heritage has played in the formation of city style and features; positively protect the earthquake sites, enlarge the city’s historical and cultural value category and improve social influence of the historical and cultural cities with the help of post-war reconstructed material and spiritual achievements.We expect that this paper can provide reference to the further protection of historical and cultural cities in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, and can provide reference to the disaster prevention of other historical and cultural cities at the same time.