The Study On Modern Science Education In Northwest China

Science education is an important component part of education, it plays an important role in the heritage and development of science and technology civilization. Through the historical literature method, the case study, the comparison method and the view of sci-tech periodical communication, investigate and research the modern science education in northwest China comprehensively, especially the history of science education of Northwest Union University during the Anti-Japanese War, to clarify its historical trajectory and the northwest science and the structure science education system, and look at its historical contributions in scientific and fair view. Thus enriches and develops the history of science research, and guides the teaching reform of northwest science and education, and provides new thought for the strategic adjustment of western development. Based on reading and research of the original periodicals, historical literature and second-hand data, selecting Northwest Union University, Northwest engineering college and Northwest agriculture college to comprehensively study the disciplines development, curriculum setting, teaching staff, students and management, academic speeches and scientific research from mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, geology, engineering, agronomy, etc.The results of the study show that,1) the historical evolution of the modern higher science education in northwest mainly experienced three stages:the first is the embryonic stage during the period of Late Qing and Early Republic of China. The second is the stage of the preliminary development from1902to1937. The third is the stage of rapid development from the Anti-Japanese War to the founding of new China. During the period of Late Qing and Early Republic of China, there was not real higher education of science, and before the Anti-Japanese War, the higher science education in northwest region began to develop, but had not yet formed a complete system of science education. Until the period of Anti-Japanese War, the higher science education in northwest region developed and rose rapidly. In the Anti-Japanese War period, in basic natural sciences, it had formed the subject system of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, geology; In engineering science, it had formed the subject system of civil engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, textile engineering, mechanical engineering, mining engineering, hydraulic engineering, aeronautical engineering, industrial management engineering; In agriculture science education, it had formed the complete system of agronomy, plant diseases and insect pests, agricultural economy, forestry, horticulture, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, agricultural chemicals, irrigation and water conservancy, agricultural machinery, agricultural products manufacturing, textile, chemical manufacturing, grass and animal husbandry, diagnosis and treatment, bacteria health division, parasites, pathological science, biological medicine science, biological and biochemical division and anatomy. In master’s degree, it had formed the training level of junior college students, undergraduates and graduate students, and the form of education of the school education, normal education, public education and social education in higher education of science. Most teachers once studied abroad in the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Japan and other countries. For example, mathematics professor Zeng Jiong, physics professor Yue Jieheng, chemistry professor Yu Hongzheng, biology professor Wang Kunren, geography professor Huang Guozhang, geology professor Zhang Bosheng, engineering professor Jin Baozhen,,Liu Derun, Liu Xiying, Xiao Lianbo and agronomy professor Wang Jueming, Yin Liangbi, Shen Xuenian, they had introduced western advanced scientific knowledge, scientific thinking, scientific method into the northwest region, and they were rigorous in teaching and research, and actively carried out scientific research, and fostered a large number of science and technology talents for China and the northwest region.The research conclusions are as follows:1) Clarified the development history of the modern science education of northwest region from the perspectives of the history of science education for the first time in China. Shaanxi imperial university in late qing dynasty marks the beginnings of the modern higher science education in northwest. In the shan source period of Northwest University and before the Anti-Japanese War, the science education in northwest developed slightly, until three colleges and universities of Beiping and Tianjin had moved to xi’an and built up Northwest Union University, the science education developed rapidly, and formed the higher science education of real sense during the Anti-Japanese War.2) Realized a historic turning point of regional distribution of higher science education in China. Northwest Union University and five universities named as national and northwest made the distribution of "point" and "line" of turn to the balanced distribution of "plane" for China’s higher education, and turn into the permanent universities of its own in northwest region, and formed the layout of the higher science education as the center city in Xi’an, Chenggu and Lanzhou, thus realized a historic turning point from the regional distribution of higher education science in China from the layout of "point","line" to the layout of" face "in China’s higher education, and corrected the imbalance of the regional distribution.3) Northwest Union University made great achievements for the higher science education in northwest region. First of all, it built a full system of science education about the basic science, engineering, agriculture, medical science, and filled the blank of the science education in northwest China; Second, it rooted in northwest, and combined the world thought, obtained the fruitful results in the scientific theory and application. Finally, it improved the level of science education in northwest, and reserved talents for the country.4) Northwest Union University occupies an important position in the history of the higher education in China. In national crisis, Northwest Union University preserved the context of the higher education, and promoted the development of the higher education and science education in northwest region. Today, many universities in the north and northwest China have a direct or indirect origin and inheritance relationships with Northwest Union University. If Northwest Union University was not existed, there would be no the prosperity of the higher education in China today, especially in the development of higher education in northwest China.