| With economic development and continuous improvement of people's living standards, The people's diet structure will undergo profound changes, the starchy food consumption would be declining, such as rice and wheat, but vegetable oil and other foodstuffs' demand would be increased year by year. In recent years, China's edible vegetable oils consumption is increasing enormously, and domestic supply and demand was a very uneven development trend. As a class of very low elastic necessities, excessive reliance on foreign markets is bound to be "controlled by others" and is not conducive to the development of current domestic oil industry, soybean industry's "decline" is the best example. How to ensure an adequate supply of China's edible vegetable oils and "food safety", boosting China's oil Industry, is indeed Chinese society major challenge in a very long period of time in the future. Rapeseed oil has always been a Chinese tradition of living oil, It occupies a very important strategic position in the domestic supply of edible vegetable oil(rapeseed oil supply proportion after soybean oil since 2002, However, taking into account more than 70% raw materials of soybean oil from imports and lower cost of soybean oil yield, rapeseed oil is still the largest domestically produced vegetable oil). Rape is the most important oil crops in China, is also one of China's five million acres of sown area over the bulk agricultural products (rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and rapeseed). China is the world's largest producer of rapeseed, and rapeseed cultivation area and annual output respectively is one third of the world。Rapeseed production is not only related to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of consumers, but relates to 100 million rape farmers' sources of income, more than 1000 million people's economic interests of rapeseed oil processing industry and the stability of the international market. Therefore, the growth of rapeseed production or not, not only directly affect the future level of benefits to consumers, but also affected the agricultural income, rapeseed oil-processing industry and the steady and rapid development of the entire national and world's economy.Economic efficiency is the main factors that affect the growth of rapeseed production, and is also the "evergreen" topic of economics study. Since the reform and opening up, China's rapeseed production has made considerable progress, and this progress are inseparable with the improvement of economic efficiency. What's about the economic efficiency of rapeseed production in China, what's the room for further upgrading and whether is sufficient to support sustained and rapid development of rapeseed production and so on, the answers to these questions are of great importance for the correct assessment of China's future potential for increasing production and rapeseed vegetable oil supply and demand situation. During analyzing the economic efficiency of China's rapeseed production, this paper always adhere to normative analysis and the principle of combining empirical analysis, apply principles related to agricultural economics, new institutional economics, development economics, technology, economics, systems engineering and other disciplines, adopt advanced quantitative analysis (eg, parametric and non-parametric method) as the main body and accompanied by the necessary comparisons and statistical analysis, from both the macro and micro levels to disuss influencing factors of economic efficiency of China's rapeseed production and future policy orientation, Striving to make analysis of outside to the inside. In addition, the article also from the perspective of economic efficiency to analysis regional disparities and the future development trend of China's rapeseed production, re-examining the the relationship between farmers Scale and household efficiency. This paper is divided into nine chapters, the main contents and conclusions of each chapter are as follows:Chapter 1 is the introductory part. In order to avoid writing a "pointless", the beginning of a preliminary paper presented three issues to be resolved, resolution of these issues will guide the papers further in-depth research. Combined with relevant research background, the paper points out the importance of studying economic efficiency of Chinese rapeseed production, then introduce a research paper ideas, methods and frameworks, and analyze the possible research papers innovation and shortcomings.Chapter 2 is the literature review section. In order to study economic efficiency of rapeseed production in China better, it is necessary to sort out the outcome of previous studies, On the one hand can draw on relevant research results "for our own use", on the other hand it can also avoid duplication of research. The main contents of the chapter is divided into three parts:firstly, it will review the concept of economic efficiency and give this definition of economic efficiency; secondly, we will analysis research Trends on production efficiency; thirdly, research on production of the rapeseed will be given. The results showed that:few literature at home and abroad study economic efficiency of China's rapeseed production, the only two documents was only a "superficial", and fail to give a reasonable explanation to explain economic non-efficiency.Chapter 3 is the basic profiles of rapeseed production. In order to grasp the overall production of the basic profiles of rapeseed in China, this chapter first analyzes the total amount of the world's rapeseed production characteristics, regional characteristics (including country-specific) etc., followed by rapeseed production of longitudinal data as a starting point, analysis the development process of China's rapeseed production and production layout etc., finally analysis the interaction of rapeseed production, processing and consumption. The study concludes that:world rapeseed production is showing out of "tripod" new pattern including Asia, Europe and North America; China is the world's largest producer of rapeseed, rape in China is for 2,000 years of cultivation history, but not until the reform and opening the rape production has made a qualitative leap; Chinese rapeseed products, consumer demand and the processing industry in the next period of time will maintain the momentum of rapid growth, and the rapeseed production lag will be the "bottleneck" of rape industrial development in the future.Chapter 4 is the input and output characteristics of rapeseed production, international comparisons and regional differences. The chapter longitudinal analyzes China's rapeseed production costs, income and single-factor productivity changes using time series data, followed by the international comparison of China and Canada differences in costs and benefits of rapeseed, revealing the reasons for differences, finally compares rapeseed input and output status and differences in cost structure of various regions in China. The results showed that:China's rapeseed production cost is rising in recent years, because of the rapid growth of labor input costs, rapeseed productivity gains also increasing, but not stable, owing to the frequent fluctuations of rapeseed price; China's rapeseed production gains are higher than Canada, but the high cost of production led to the profits of China's farmers planted canola lower than Canada, China's high rapeseed production costs is mainly because of high fertilizer costs, labor costs and land costs; rapeseed production input and output of various regions significantly different from each other, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and other provinces have obvious advantages.Chapter 5 is the economic efficiency analysis of China's rapeseed production in various regions. Firstly, this chapter use DEA model to calculate the technical efficiency of China's rapeseed production in various regions, and technical efficiency is decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, then use Tobit model to analyze the factors affecting technical efficiency; Secondly, The use of DEA cost frontier measure the configuration efficiency of China's rapeseed production in various regions, Similarly using Tobit regression model to discuss factors affecting the allocative efficiency; Finally, the use of DEA-based Malmquist productivity index estimate and decompose the total factor productivity growth rates of China's rapeseed production in various regions, then use the production function method and the convergence theory of economic growth to calculate on the total factor productivity and test the convergence of China's rapeseed production. This study concluded that:technical efficiency of China's rapeseed production is high, regional differences in technical efficiency of rapeseed production is small, level of economic development and the overall cultural quality of farmers has significant positive effect to technical efficiency of China's rapeseed production; the overall level of allocative efficiency is low, inter-provincial differences in allocative efficiency is not obvious, Irrigation rate has a long-term impact on the configuration of the efficiency of China's rapeseed production; technological progress constitutes the main reason of TFP growth, China's rapeseed production TFP exist absolute convergence and conditional convergence, the rape of the TFP gap between the main producing province, can not only reduce, but will eventually stabilize at the same level.Chapter 6 and 7 Chapter is Chinese farmers rapeseed production analysis of technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. Chapter 6 start from the micro household survey data, using recognized random shock and loss of technical efficiency co-exist frontier production function model analyzing the level of technical efficiency of farm households and discussing the factors affecting technical efficiency of farmers. Analysis shows that: there are prevalent in loss of technical efficiency in the process of farmers planting rapeseed, and there is also space to enhance the efficiency through improving management and technology, human capital factors to improve the efficiency of rapeseed production technology has played a key role. In Chapter 7, the use of Cobb-Douglas stochastic cost frontier of simultaneous equations and Tobit regression model analyze the efficiency of the allocation of rural households and its influencing factors, and make a induction about the factors that affect the economic efficiency. Studies have shown that:the overall efficiency of the allocation of rural households is low, if they can eliminate efficiency losses, they will gain greater output; health status, educational level, rape seed subsidies have significant positive effect on the allocation efficiency.Chapter 8 is a comparative analysis of the economic efficiency from different production-scale farmers. Accordancing to the size of rapeseed cultivation, the chapter divided the farmers into five categories, and analyze rapeseed production operating conditions of households and single-factor productivity of the five types, then make a comparative analysis of economic efficiency and its factors of different-scale rapeseed production farmers. Analysis shows that:3 acres and the following small-scale farmers don't demonstrate the characteristics of high economic efficiency, some single-factor productivity and economic efficiency among farmers in different sizes showed the same inverted "U"-shaped change, suggesting that the optimal "size of operating points" exist.Chapter 9 is the basic conclusions and policy recommendations. This chapter summarizes the key analytical findings from Chapter 2 to Chapter 8 and proposes targeted policy recommendations. These include:increasing the research of key technologies of exploiting winter fallow fields, fully tapping the production potential of winter fallow fields and tidal flats; continuing to promote healthy cooking oil publicity, and raising awareness of domestic non-genetically modified rapeseed oil consumption; supporting for rapeseed processing enterprises, promoting the processing industry optimization and reorganization; deepening the new-type rural cooperative medical care system to ensure the farmers'health right; perfecting primary agricultural technology popularization system, increasing the intensity of the promotion of new rapeseed technologies; continuing to increase policy subsidies and support of rape production; accelerating R & D process of high-quality and new rape varieties; improving the land transfer system, expanding the scale of rapeseed cultivation; effectively reducing the labor input and simplify the degree to cultivating rape by some mechanical; increasing financial input in rural compulsory education and improving the level of rural compulsory education.
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