Study On Economic Efficiency Of Agaricus Bisporus Production In China

Entering the 21st century, the No1 central document emphasizes continuously improving the efficiency of agricultural production and increasing farmers'income for consecutive years. In the situation of farmers'income is still low, increasingly scarce natural resources and continuous deterioration of ecological environment, the development of China's agriculture must in the direction of "low energy consumption, low pollution, high efficiency, high-yield". Under those opportunities, edible fungus industry which has remarkable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit gets rapid development. Although there are more than 60 varieties undertaken artificial cultivation of edible fungus in our country, the Agaricus bisporus is a particularly important and special variety, with the characteristic of wide planted area, large output, easy to obtain base materials and high economic benefit, especially the important status in export trade that other edible fungus varieties can not compared, furthermore, Agaricus bisporus is the main variety and major consumer product in those countries which have developed edible fungus industry, such as Europe and America. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the economic research on Agaricus bisporus industry in the study of edible fungus industry. But compared with those countries which have developed Agaricus bisporus industry, Agaricus bisporus production in China exists many problems such as low production efficiency, low yield, high cost and so on, these issues seriously restrict the healthy development of Agaricus bisporus industry.In view of above reasons, taken Agaricus bisporus production as breakthrough point and focused on the economic efficiency problems of Agaricus bisporus, this article analyzes macroscopic and microscopic materials and comprehensively uses statistical comparison analysis and quantitative analysis method to thoroughly analyzes the input-output status, cost and benefit, single factor productivity, technical efficiency and allocation efficiency of Agaricus bisporus production and empirically analyzes the affecting factors. It can lay the foundation for more accurately revealing the problem of Agaricus bisporus production in our country and provide theoretical reference for improving production efficiency, rational allocating of production resources, reducing production cost of Agaricus bisporus production in our country, and also provide some experiences for the development of whole edible fungus industry. Following conclusions can be drawn through all the analysis:(1) The technical efficiency of Agaricus bisporus production is relatively low in our country. Through SFA method and three stages DEA method to calculate the technical efficiency, the result is 0.5752 and 0.4182 respectively in China, which explain that high technical efficiency loss existed in mushroom farmers'production process. The main affecting factors of the technical efficiency of mushroom farmers'production are the proportion of mushroom business income in household income, the situation of government carried out mushroom production technical training, whether or not the local have mushroom industry organization and the grade of highway nearby family.(2) The production of Agaricus bisporus has low allocation efficiency. Based on DEA method and SFA method, the allocation efficiency is 0.4421 and 0.3943 respectively. The main affecting factors of the allocation efficiency of mushroom farmers'production are education level, the grade of highway nearby family, the situation of mushroom farmers signed the sales agreement with enterprise and government carried out mushroom production technical training.(3) There are obvious differences in economic efficiency for different scales of the mushroom farmers'production, since Agaricus bisporus production has optimal scale. Because the economic efficiency of mushroom farmers who have small scale production are obviously lower than those who have moderate scale and large-scale, the mushroom farmers should moderately expand production scale to promote economic efficiency and increase farmers'income. Based on comprehensively compared many indicators, this paper asserts that medium scale (about 5000 m2) is the optimal scale point for Agaricus bisporus production in China, which also has economic feasibility.(4) The production of Agaricus bisporus has obvious regional in China, and the industry development is quickly. The production of Agaricus bisporus in our country mainly concentrated in 12 provinces including Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Jilin, Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangsu and Shandong. During the 2001-2009, the output of twelve primary production provinces occupied 92.09% of the national total product, and the output value accounted for 89.36%. In 2001, the output and its value of Agaricus bisporus respectively are 637454 ton and 2524.67 million￥, while the output and its value respectively are 2027604 ton and 9901.57 million￥, average growth rate are 13.72% and 16.39% per annum respectively in 2009.(5) The Agaricus bisporus industry is undergoing adjustment and the economic benefit is increasingly prominent. From 2001 to 2007, the output and its value of Agaricus bisporus are growing at a fairly high rate, but they are all declined after 2008, until in 2009, the Agaricus bisporus output continues to decline, however, the output value is rising up from the recession. In 2001, fresh mushroom can create 0.3961×10-2 million￥per ton that rise to 0.4883×10-2million￥in 2009, for instance a mushroom famer can get 71292￥annual profit from the planted area of 3600 m2 (usually about six mu) in 2009.The innovations in the dissertation as bellow:(1) Research perspective. At present, the literatures about economic research of Agaricus bisporus industrial is less at home and abroad, also the quantitative analysis of its economic efficiency is extremely limited. This paper researches the above issues, then finds out the main factors that affect the economy efficiency, and enriches the research of this field. In particular, the first is to analyze the economic efficiency of Agaricus bisporus production from the perspective of peasant, it uses the methods of parametric and nonparametric to measure the technical efficiency and allocation efficiency of mushroom production, and discusses the direction and degree of relative factors which influence the technical efficiency and allocation efficiency. Second, according to the condition of mushroom production in China, this paper divides mushroom farners into three types including small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale. Then this paper studies the input-output ratio, land productivity, spawn productivity, labor productivity, film productivity, technical efficiency and allocation efficiency of different scale, also compares the economy efficiency of mushroom farmer'production with different scales and analyzes its main influencing factors, finally determines the optimal operational scale for mushroom farmers in China.(2) The application range of empirical methods has expanded. In order to more accurately measure the economic efficiency of the Agaricus bisporus production, this paper introduces three relatively frontal international analytical methods including traditional DEA method, the three stages DEA method and SFA method. This paper relaxes the assumption that returns to scale is constant and uses variable DEA model. As for analyzed the technical efficiency, it uses three phase DEA method to strip the interference of environment variables and random factors, then measures out the pure technical efficiency and also finds the environment factors which affecting investment flabby. When measured the allocation efficiency, this paper makes proper modification on target function and constraints, and then obtains traditional DEA model under the condition of cost minimization assumptions. While used the SFA method to analyze technical efficiency, it should adopt one-step SFA regression method to avoid parameter estimation null and biased caused by two-step method which may have inconsistent distribution, furthermore, it chooses transcendence logarithmic production function to estimate technical efficiency which has wilder theoretical basis. When used the SFA method to measure the allocation efficiency of mushroom farmers, because the simultaneous equations of transcendence logarithmic cost boundary exist "Lattice Problem", this article chooses the simultaneous equations of C-D stochastic cost boundary to estimate it, since C-D function has self-duality and better consistency in theoretical analysis and quantitative analysis, it can explain inefficient allocation better.(3) Made some valuable conclusions. After analyzed the economic efficiency of mushroom farmers'production from theoretical and empirical, this paper gets some valuable conclusions:the Agaricus bisporus industry is continuously adjusting under rapidly developing in China; the Agaricus bisporus production exist obvious regional; the mushroom farners aim at maximize profit in Agaricus bisporus production that should be achieved through minimizing cost; the technical efficiency and allocation efficiency are relatively low; the major influence factors of technical efficiency are the proportion of mushroom business income in household income, the situation of govemment carried out mushroom production technical training, whether or not the local have mushroom industry organization and the grade of highway nearby family; the influence factors of allocation efficiency are education level, the grade of highway nearby family, the situation of mushroom farmers signed the sales agreement with enterprise and government carried out mushroom production technical training; there is obviously different economic efficiency in mushroom farmers who have different production scale, the production of Agaricus bisporus exists optimal scale.